D-Link DES-3326S [205/242] Packet headers
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D-Link DES-3326S Layer 3 Switch
Layer 4
This layer, known as the transport layer, establishes the communication path between user applications and the network
infrastructure and defines the method of communicating. TCP and UDP are well-known protocols in the transport layer.
TCP is a “connection-oriented” protocol, and requires the establishment of parameters for transmission prior to the exchange
of data. Web technology is based on TCP. UDP is “connectionless” and requires no connection setup. This is important for
multicast traffic, which cannot tolerate the overhead and latency of TCP. TCP and UDP also differ in the amount of error
recovery provided and whether or not it is visible to the user application. Both TCP and UDP are layered on IP, which has
minimal error recovery and detection. TCP forces retransmission of data that was lost by the lower layers, UDP does not.
Layer 7
This layer, known as the application layer, provides access to either the end user application software such as a database.
Users communicate with the application, which in turn delivers data to the transport layer. Applications do not usually
communicate directly with lower layers. They are written to use a specific communication library, like the popular WinSock
library.
Software developers must decide what type of transport mechanism is necessary. For example, Web access requires reliable,
error-free access and would demand TCP, Multimedia, on the other hand, requires low overhead and latency and commonly
uses UDP.
TCP/IP
The TCP/IP protocol suite is a set of protocols that allow computers to share resources across a network. TCP and IP are
only two of the Internet suite of protocols, but they are the best known and it has become common to refer the entire family
of Internet protocols as TCP/IP.
TCP/IP is a layered set of protocols. An example, such as sending e-mail, can illustrate this. There is first a protocol for
sending and receiving e-mail. This protocol defines a set of commands to identify the sender, the recipient, and the content
of the e-mail. The e-mail protocol will not handle the actual communication between the two computers, this is done by
TCP/IP. TCP/IP handles the actual sending and receiving of the packets that make up the e-mail exchange.
TCP makes sure the e-mail commands and messages are received by the appropriate computers. It keeps track of what is
sent and what is received, and retransmits any packets that are lost or dropped. TCP also handles the division of large
messages into several Ethernet packets, and makes sure these packets are received and reassembled in the correct order.
Because these functions are required by a large number of applications, they are grouped into a single protocol, rather than
being the part of the specifications for just sending e-mail. TCP is then a library of routines that application software can use
when reliable network communications are required.
IP is also a library of routines, but with a more general set of functions. IP handles the routing of packets from the source to
the destination. This may require the packets to traverse many different networks. IP can route packets through the
necessary gateways and provides the functions required for any user on one network to communicate with any user on
another connected network.
The communication interface between TCP and IP is relatively simple. When IP received a packet, it does not know how
this packet is related to others it has sent (or received) or even which connection the packet is part of. IP only knows the
address of the source and the destination of the packet, and it makes its best effort to deliver the packet to its destination.
The information required for IP to do its job is contained in a series of octets added to the beginning of the packet called
headers. A header contains a few octets of data added to the packet by the protocol in order to keep track of it.
Other protocols on other network devices can add and extract their own headers to and from packets as they cross networks.
This is analogous to putting data into an envelope and sending the envelope to a higher-level protocol, and having the higher-
level protocol put the entire envelope into it’s own, larger envelope. This process is referred to as encapsulation.
Many levels of encapsulation are required for a packet to cross the Internet.
Packet Headers
TCP
Most data transmissions are much longer that a single packet. The data must then be divided up among a series of packets.
These packets must be transmitted, received and then reassembled into the original data. TCP handles these functions.
TCP must know how large a packet the network can process. To do this, the TCP protocols at each end of a connection state
how large a packet they can handle and the smaller of the two is selected.
195
Содержание
- Des 3326s 1
- Manual 1
- Port layer 3 stackable switch 1
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 2
- ____________________ 2
- About this manual 7
- Intended readers 7
- Notes notices and cautions 7
- Safety instructions 8
- Chapter 1 11
- Introduction 11
- Switch description 11
- Features 12
- Front panel components 13
- Led indicators 13
- Stacking led indicators 14
- Rear panel description 15
- Side panels 15
- Optional plug in modules 16
- Switch stacking 24
- Management options 25
- Chapter 2 26
- Installation 26
- Package contents 26
- Before you connect to the network 27
- Connecting the console port 27
- Password protection 28
- Ip address assignment 29
- Snmp settings 31
- Installing the switch without the rack 32
- Installing the switch in a rack 33
- Connecting stacked switch groups 34
- Notes on stacking switches 35
- Configuring a switch group for stacking 36
- Notes on standalone operation 38
- Connecting devices to the switch 39
- Before you start 40
- Chapter 3 40
- Switch management 40
- General deployment strategy 41
- Web based user interface 42
- Basic setup 44
- Switch information 44
- Switch ip settings 45
- User accounts management 47
- Admin and user privileges 49
- Factory reset 50
- Saving changes 50
- Restart system 51
- Chapter 4 52
- Stacking mode 52
- Chapter 5 55
- Port configuration 55
- Configure ports 56
- Traffic segmentation 60
- Chapter 6 61
- Link aggregation 61
- Configure link aggregation 62
- Chapter 7 65
- Port mirroring 65
- Chapter 8 66
- Mac address aging time 66
- Mac forwarding 66
- Unicast mac address forwarding 66
- Multicast mac address forwarding 68
- Broadcast multicast storm control 69
- Chapter 9 71
- Spanning tree protocol 71
- W rapid spanning tree 71
- Configure stp switch settings 72
- Stp port settings 74
- Chapter 10 76
- Quality of service configuration 76
- Configure qos output scheduling 77
- Configure 802 p user priority 78
- Configure default priority 79
- Configure bandwidth control 80
- Chapter 11 81
- Mac notification 81
- Chapter 12 83
- System log 83
- Chapter 13 85
- Sntp settings 85
- Access profile configuration 88
- Chapter 14 88
- Security management 88
- Cpu interface filtering 95
- X port based network access control 101
- X configuration 103
- Port capability 106
- Chapter 15 110
- Snmp network management 110
- Snmp version 110
- Snmp view table 111
- Snmp group table 112
- Snmp community table 113
- Snmp engine id 114
- Snmp host table 115
- Snmp user table 116
- Security ip management 117
- Chapter 16 118
- Network monitoring and statistics 118
- Port utilization statistics 119
- Port packet statistics 120
- Mac address table 123
- Routing table 124
- Arp table 125
- Ospf information 126
- Dvmrp information 128
- Gvrp status 130
- Pim neighbor address table 130
- Router ports 131
- Igmp snooping forwarding table 132
- Igmp snooping group table 132
- Igmp group table 133
- Ip multicast forwarding table 134
- X authentication status 134
- Switch history 135
- Chapter 17 136
- Switch utilities 136
- Tftp services 136
- Ping test 138
- Dhcp bootp and dns relay 139
- Chapter 18 143
- Understanding 802 q vlans 143
- Chapter 19 147
- Configure 802 q static vlans 147
- Configure vlans 147
- Q port settings 150
- Switch gvrp 151
- Chapter 20 152
- Ip interface configuration 152
- Chapter 21 155
- Multicast global configurations 155
- Multicast routing configuration 155
- Igmp snooping settings 156
- Igmp interface configuration 158
- Dvmrp interface configuration 160
- Pim dm settings 161
- Chapter 22 163
- Configure static routes 163
- Static route static arp and rip configuration 163
- Configure static arp 164
- Routing information protocol rip configuration 165
- Chapter 22 167
- Introduction to ospf 167
- 13 1 222 11 0 169
- Router a 169
- Router b 169
- Router c 169
- Router d 169
- Ospf packet header 174
- Hello packet 175
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 176
- Database description packet 176
- Link state request packet 177
- Link state update packet 177
- Link state acknowledgment packet 178
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 179
- Link state advertisement header 179
- Recent this is accomplished by examining the link state age link state sequence number and link state checksum fields that are also contained in the link state advertisement header the format of the link state advertisement header is shown below 179
- Chapter 24 185
- Configure ospf 185
- Md5 key table configuration 186
- Configure ospf settings 187
- Ospf area setting 187
- Ospf interface configuration 189
- Ospf virtual interface settings 190
- Area aggregation configuration 192
- Ospf host route settings 193
- Route redistribution settings 194
- Appendix a 196
- Technical specifications 196
- Appendix b 198
- Ip addresses 198
- Network addressing and protocols 198
- Internet protocols 203
- Packet headers 205
- The domain name system 209
- Dhcp servers 210
- Appendix c 211
- Ip routing multicasting multicast routing and routing protocols 211
- Multicasting 213
- Internet group management protocol igmp 214
- Multicast routing protocols 216
- Routing protocols 217
- Glossary 220
- Limited warranty 222
- Fcc warning 224
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 225
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 226
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 227
- For detailed warranty information applicable to products purchased outside the united states please contact the corresponding local d link office 227
- Product registration 228
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 229
- D link europe limited product warranty 229
- Except as expressly set forth in this limited warranty d link makes no other warranties express or implied including any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose d link expressly disclaims all warranties not stated in this limited warranty any implied warranties that may be imposed by law are limited in duration to the limited warranty period some states or countries do not allow a limitation on how long an implied warranty lasts or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer products in such states or countries some exclusions or limitations of this limited warranty may not apply to you this limited warranty gives you specific legal rights you may also have other rights that may vary from state to state or from country to country you are advised to consult applicable state or country laws for 229
- General terms 229
- Geographical scope of the limited product warranty 229
- Limitation of product warranty 229
- Limited product warranty period 229
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 231
- Performance of the limited product warranty 231
- Warrantor 231
- Alle weiteren produkte zwei 2 jahre 232
- Allgemeine bedingungen 232
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 232
- D link europe limited produktgarantie 232
- Einschränkung der garantie 232
- Ersatzteile z b externe netzteile lüfter ein 1 jahr 232
- Fünf 5 jahre 232
- Laufzeit der eingeschränkten garantie 232
- Produkttyp gewährleistungslaufzeit 232
- Räumlicher geltungsbereich der eingeschränkten garantie 232
- Verwaltete switches d h switches mit eingebauten snmp agents einschließlich modulen und verwaltungssoftware 232
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 233
- Garantiegeber 233
- Leistungsumfang der eingeschränkten garantie 233
- Cinq 5 ans 234
- Conditions générales 234
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 234
- D link europe a limité la garantie des produits 234
- Etendue géographique de la garantie produit limitée 234
- Limitation de la garantie produit 234
- Pièces détachées adaptateurs d alimentation externes ventilateurs un 1 an 234
- Période de garantie produit limitée 234
- Switches gérés switches comportant un agent snmp intégré y compris modules et logiciels de gestion 234
- Tous autres produits deux 2 ans 234
- Type de produit période de garantie 234
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 235
- Exécution de la garantie produit limitée 235
- Garant 235
- Cinco 5 años 236
- Cobertura geográfica de la garantía limitada del producto 236
- Condiciones generales 236
- Conmutadores gestionados p ej conmutadores con agente snmp integrado incluyendo módulos y software de gestión 236
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 236
- Garantía limitada del producto d link europa 236
- Limitación de la garantía del producto 236
- Período de la garantía limitada del producto 236
- Piezas de repuesto p ej adaptadores de alimentación externos ventiladores un 1 año 236
- Resto de productos dos 2 años 236
- Tipo de producto período de garantía del producto 236
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 237
- Garante 237
- Uso de la garantía limitada del producto 237
- Ambito geografico della garanzia limitata 238
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 238
- D link europe termini di garanzia dei prodotti 238
- Generalità 238
- Limitazione della garanzia 238
- Periodo di garanzia 238
- Pezzi di ricambio es adattatori esterni di potenza alimentatori esterni ventole 1 un anno 238
- Switch solo switch dotati di agente snmp incorporato inclusi moduli e software di gestione 5 cinque anni 238
- Tipo di prodotto periodo di garanzia 238
- Tutti gli altri prodotti 2 due anni 238
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 239
- Garante 239
- Prestazioni della garanzia limitata 239
- D link des 3326s layer 3 switch 240
- International offices 240
- All countries and regions excluding usa 241
- Registration card 241
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