Shure SH55 Series II Руководство по эксплуатации онлайн [21/48] 776214

BENJAMIN BAUMZWEIGER BAUER (1913-1979)

Inventor of the Unidyne Microphone

en Bauer was born Benjamin Baumzweiger on June 26, 1913, in Odessa, Russia. His family

ed to Poland when he was eight to escape anti-Semitism, only to nd the same attitudes in

Poland. The family then immigrated to Havana, Cuba, when he was a teenager. In the 1920s,

there was a large Jewish community in Cuba that moved from Europe. After graduating from high

school and speaking little English, Bauer moved to New York City in 1930 to attend the Pratt

Institute. In 1932, he received a degree in Industrial Engineering. He then pursued an Electrical

Engineering degree at the University of Cincinnati. Fortuitously, Shure Brothers Incorporated of

Chicago, Illinois, was offering a work co-op program, and Bauer took advantage of this program by

alternately working for Shure and attending school.

When Bauer graduated in 1937, he was hired by Shure as a full-time acoustical engineer. His

rst signicant contribution was the development of the rst unidirectional (cardioid) microphone

that employed a single transducer. Using the patented Uniphase acoustical system developed by

Bauer, Shure introduced the Uniplex Crystal Microphone, Model 730A, and the now-legendary

Unidyne Dynamic Microphone, Model 55, in 1939.

In 1941, Bauer became a citizen of the United States and changed his last name from

Baumzweiger to Bauer. His contributions at Shure included disc-cutter designs, phonograph

pickups, and the moving-coil pistonphone used for microphone calibration work. During World

War II, he worked on the development of speech communication equipment for the Armed

Services. One such device was the battle-announce microphone used during and after the war

by the U.S. Navy, and the throat microphones that were widely employed in ghter and bomber

aircraft. After World War II, Bauer became Vice President of Engineering at Shure Brothers

Incorporated.

In 1957, Bauer left Shure to join CBS Laboratories in Stamford, Connecticut, as the head of

audio technology development. At CBS, he led a select group of engineers who focused on stereo

LP discs, magnetic recording, and other equipment to improve the quality of recorded music. One

of his research efforts resulted in the development of a loudness-level indicator, a device used by

the Federal Communications Commission and others in monitoring broadcast programs.

In 1970, his team developed the SQ-quadraphonic matrix system, which, in 1977, was judged by

the Federal Communications Commission Laboratory to be the best of all matrix systems tested.

Bauer was made Vice President and General Manager of the CBS Technology Center at Stamford

in 1975, where he directed research and development in areas of advanced television, high-

density recording, audio systems, and audio reproduction.

In addition to his work in airborne sound, Bauer made key contributions to the eld of underwater

sound, including underwater directional communication systems for divers, directional gradient

hydrophones for Navy sonobuoys, and a hydrophone calibrator. Upon his death in 1979, his name

appeared on more than 100 patents that included the elds of microphones and transducers,

sound transmission, audio processing for recording and broadcasting, acoustic measurements and

calibration, sound recording and reproduction, and quadraphonic disc technology.

BENJAMIN BAUER