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Adaptec asr-6805e rohs kit [75/116] B understanding raid
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B Understanding RAID
When you create arrays (or logical drives), you can assign a RAID level to protect your data.
Each RAID level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy. RAID levels also vary by
the number of disk drives they support.
This appendix describes the RAID levels supported by your Adaptec RAID controller, and provides a basic
overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data storage.
Understanding Drive Segments
A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk drive can
include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available segments. Each segment
can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not part of any logical device, the entire
disk is an available segment.
Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0)
An array with RAID 0 includes two or more disk drives and provides data striping, where data is distributed
evenly across the disk drives in equal-sized sections. However, RAID 0 arrays do not maintain redundant
data, so they offer no data protection.
Compared to an equal-sized group of independent disks, a RAID 0 array provides improved I/O
performance.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an array
with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create a RAID 0 drive segment of 250 GB,
for a total of 1000 GB for the volume, as shown in this gure.
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 0 Logical Drive = 1000 GB
9971 5 . . .
9982 6 . . .
9993 7 . . .
10004 8 . . .
75Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc., and for its customers.
Document No.: CDP-00310-01-A Rev. A, Issue
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Содержание
- Serial_attached_scsi_raid_controllers_iug pdf 1
- Revision history 3
- Contents 4
- Adaptec by pmc product support 8
- Limited 3 year hardware warranty 9
- Regulatory compliance statements 10
- This equipment is home use class b electromagnetic wave suitability equipment and to be used mainly at home and it can be used in all areas 12
- About this guide 13
- How to find more information 13
- Terminology used in this guide 13
- What you need to know before you begin 13
- Kit contents 15
- Kit contents and system requirements 15
- System requirements 15
- About your raid controller 16
- Advanced data protection suite 16
- Array level features 16
- Standard raid controller features 16
- Adding a flash backup module 17
- Upgrading the controller firmware 17
- About the adaptec raid 6405 18
- Activity leds 18
- Aggregate activity 18
- Back of card 18
- Daughterboard connector 18
- Drive activity led connector f or cn0 18
- Hda mode connector diagnostic leds 18
- I2c connector for cn0 ext alarm connector 18
- Internal mini sas connector cn0 18
- Mounting bracket 18
- Pcie x8 connector 18
- The adaptec raid 6405 is a sas raid controller with these features 18
- About the adaptec raid 6445 19
- The adaptec raid 6445 is a sas raid controller with these features 19
- About the adaptec raid 6805 6805q 20
- The adaptec raid 6805 6805q is a sas raid controller with these features 20
- About the adaptec raid 6405e 21
- Ext alarmconnector aggregate activity 21
- Hda mode connector drive activity led connector for cn0 21
- Internal mini sas connector cn0 21
- Mounting bracket 21
- Pcie x1 connector 21
- The adaptec raid 6405e is a sas raid controller with these features 21
- About the adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 22
- The adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 is a sas raid controller with these features 22
- About the adaptec raid 6405t 23
- The adaptec raid 6405t is a sas raid controller with these features 23
- About the adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq 24
- The adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq is a sas raid controller with these features 24
- About the adaptec raid 7805 7805q 25
- Daughterboard connector 25
- Ext alarm connector 25
- Hda mode connector 25
- Internal mini sas hd connectors 25
- Mounting bracket 25
- Pcie x8 connector 25
- The adaptec raid 7805 7805q is a sas raid controller with these features 25
- About the adaptec raid 71605 71605q 26
- Daughterboard connector 26
- Ext alarm connector 26
- Hda mode connector 26
- Internal mini sas hd connectors 26
- Mounting bracket 26
- Pcie x8 connector 26
- The adaptec raid 71605 71605q is a sas raid controller with these features 26
- About the adaptec raid 71605e 27
- Ext alarm connector 27
- Hda mode connector 27
- Internal mini sas hd connectors 27
- Mounting bracket 27
- Pcie x8 connector 27
- The adaptec raid 71605e is a sas raid controller with these features 27
- About the adaptec raid 71685 28
- Daughterboard connector 28
- Ext alarm connector 28
- External mini sas hd connectors 28
- Hda mode connector 28
- Internal mini sas hd connectors 28
- Mini sas hd x4 sff 8644 connectors external 28
- Mounting bracket 28
- Pcie x8 connector 28
- The adaptec raid 71685 is a sas raid controller with these features 28
- About the adaptec raid 72405 29
- Daughterboard connector 29
- Ext alarm connector 29
- Hd connectors 4 internal mini sas hd connectors 2 internal mini sas 29
- Hda mode connector 29
- Mounting bracket 29
- Pcie x8 connector 29
- The adaptec raid 72405 is a sas raid controller with these features 29
- About the adaptec raid 78165 30
- Mini sas hd x4 sff 8644 connectors external 30
- The adaptec raid 78165 is a sas raid controller with these features 30
- About the adaptec raid 8405 31
- The adaptec raid 8405 is a sas raid controller with these features 31
- About the adaptec raid 8805 32
- The adaptec raid 8805 is a sas raid controller with these features 32
- About the adaptec raid 8885 8885q 33
- Mini sas hd x4 sff 8644 connectors external 33
- The adaptec raid 8885 8885q is a sas raid controller with these features 33
- About the adaptec raid 81605z 81605zq 34
- The adaptec raid 81605z 81605zq is a sas raid controller with these features 34
- Cables 35
- Choosing a raid level 35
- Disk drives 35
- Getting started 35
- Selecting disk drives and cables 35
- Replacing the full height bracket with a low profile bracket 37
- Basic installation steps 38
- Installation options 38
- Installing on an existing operating system 39
- Installing with an operating system 39
- Before you begin 40
- Installing a raid controller without zero maintenance cache protection 40
- Installing the controller 40
- Installing the controller and disk drives 40
- Installing a raid controller with zero maintenance cache protection 41
- Connecting disk drives to your controllers 44
- Connecting drives directly to the controller 44
- Connecting drives to a system backplane 45
- Connecting solid state drives ssds 45
- Connecting external devices 46
- Next steps 47
- Creating a bootable array 48
- Creating an array 48
- Creating an array with the arc utility 48
- Setting the boot controller 48
- Creating an array with maxview storage manager 49
- Making your array bootable 51
- Before you begin 52
- Creating a driver disk 52
- Installing the driver and an operating system 52
- Installing with windows 52
- Installing with red hat linux or centos 53
- Installing with suse linux enterprise server 53
- Installing with fedora linux 54
- Installing with debian linux 55
- Installing with ubuntu linux 55
- Installing with solaris 56
- Installing with freebsd 57
- Installing with vmware 57
- Installing with citrix xenserver 59
- Before you begin 60
- Creating a driver disk 60
- Installing on windows 60
- Installing the driver on an existing operating system 60
- Installing on debian linux 61
- Installing on red hat centos suse or fedora linux 61
- Installing on ubuntu linux 61
- Installing on solaris 62
- Installing on freebsd 63
- Installing on vmware 63
- Installing on citrix xenserver 64
- About maxview storage manager 65
- About the adaptec raid configuration utility 65
- About the adaptec raid controller configuration utility 65
- Installing maxview storage manager 65
- Managing your storage space 65
- About the adaptec flash utility 66
- Which utility should i use 66
- Monitoring disk drives status 67
- Recovering from a disk drive failure 67
- Silencing the alarm 67
- Solving problems 67
- Troubleshooting checklist 67
- Disk drive failure in a raid 0 array 68
- Failed disk drive not protected by a hot spare 68
- Failed disk drive protected by a hot spare 68
- Failure in multiple arrays simultaneously 68
- Multiple failures in the same array 68
- Failed ssd in maxcache device 69
- Resetting the controller 69
- A introduction to sas 70
- How do sas devices communicate 70
- Terminology used in this appendix 70
- What is sas 70
- What s a phy 71
- What s a sas address 71
- What s a sas port 71
- Direct attach connections 72
- How are disk drives identified in sas 72
- What are the sas connection options 72
- What do sas cables look like 72
- What s a sas connector 72
- Backplane connections 73
- Sas expander connections 73
- Generally speaking sas is faster and more flexible than parallel scsi and provides more options for building your storage space sas lets you mix sas and sata disk drives together and lets you connect many many more devices 74
- How is sas different from parallel scsi 74
- In summary although sas and parallel scsi both use the scsi command set how they move data from one place to another is very different to support point to point serial data transport sas introduces new types of connectors cables connection options and terminology 74
- This table describes many of the main differences between the two interfaces 74
- A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array a disk drive can include both raid segments segments that are part of an array and available segments each segment can be part of only one logical device at a time if a disk drive is not part of any logical device the entire disk is an available segment 75
- An array with raid 0 includes two or more disk drives and provides data striping where data is distributed evenly across the disk drives in equal sized sections however raid 0 arrays do not maintain redundant data so they offer no data protection 75
- B understanding raid 75
- Compared to an equal sized group of independent disks a raid 0 array provides improved i o performance 75
- Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array for instance an array with two 250 gb disk drives and two 400 gb disk drives can create a raid 0 drive segment of 250 gb for a total of 1000 gb for the volume as shown in this figure 75
- Each raid level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy raid levels also vary by the number of disk drives they support 75
- Non redundant arrays raid 0 75
- This appendix describes the raid levels supported by your adaptec raid controller and provides a basic overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data storage 75
- Understanding drive segments 75
- When you create arrays or logical drives you can assign a raid level to protect your data 75
- Raid 1 arrays 76
- Raid 1 enhanced arrays 76
- A raid 10 array is built from two or more equal sized raid 1 arrays data in a raid 10 array is both striped and mirrored mirroring provides data protection and striping improves performance 77
- Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array for instance an array with two 250 gb disk drives and two 400 gb disk drives can create two mirrored drive segments of 250 gb for a total of 500 gb for the array as shown in this figure 77
- Raid 10 arrays 77
- A raid 5 array is built from a minimum of three disk drives and uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy parity data provides data protection and striping improves performance 78
- Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array for instance an array with two 250 gb disk drives and two 400 gb disk drives can contain 750 gb of stored data and 250 gb of parity data as shown in this figure 78
- Parity data is an error correcting redundancy that s used to re create data if a disk drive fails in raid 5 arrays parity data represented by ps in the next figure is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data 78
- Raid 5 arrays 78
- A raid 5ee array also known as a hot space is similar to a raid 5 array except that it includes a distributed spare drive and must be built from a minimum of four disk drives 79
- A raid 5ee array protects your data and increases read and write speeds however capacity is reduced by two disk drives worth of space which is for parity data and spare data 79
- In this figure s represents the distributed spare p represents the distributed parity data 79
- Raid 5ee arrays 79
- Unlike a hot spare a distributed spare is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data and parity data and can t be shared with other logical disk drives a distributed spare improves the speed at which the array is rebuilt following a disk drive failure 79
- A raid 50 array is built from six to forty eight disk drives configured as two or more raid 5 arrays and stripes stored data and parity data across all disk drives in both raid 5 arrays for more information see raid 5 arrays on page 78 80
- Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array for example three 250 gb disk drives and three 400 gb disk drives comprise two equal sized raid 5 arrays with 500 gb of stored data and 250 gb of parity data the raid 50 array can therefore contain 1000 gb 2 x 500 gb of stored data and 500 gb of parity data 80
- In this figure p represents the distributed parity data 80
- Raid 50 arrays 80
- The parity data provides data protection and striping improves performance raid 50 arrays also provide high data transfer speeds 80
- A raid 6 array also known as dual drive failure protection is similar to a raid 5 array because it uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy however raid 6 arrays include two independent sets of parity data instead of one both sets of parity data are striped separately across all disk drives in the array 81
- Raid 6 arrays 81
- Raid 6 arrays must be built from at least four disk drives maximum stripe size depends on the number of disk drives in the array 81
- Raid 6 arrays provide extra protection for your data because they can recover from two simultaneous disk drive failures however the extra parity calculation slows performance compared to raid 5 arrays 81
- Raid 60 arrays 81
- Similar to a raid 50 array see raid 50 arrays on page 80 a raid 60 array also known as dual drive failure protection is built from eight disk drives configured as two or more raid 6 arrays and stripes stored data and two sets of parity data across all disk drives in both raid 6 arrays 81
- Two sets of parity data provide enhanced data protection and striping improves performance raid 60 arrays also provide high data transfer speeds 81
- Comparing raid levels 82
- Disk drive usage read performance and write performance depend on the number of drives in the logical drive in general the more drives the better the performance 82
- Use this table to select the raid levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your storage space based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for performance and reliability 82
- C using the adaptec raid configuration utility 83
- Ctrl a or uefi hii 83
- Introduction to the arc utility 83
- Running the arc utility 83
- Creating a new array 84
- Creating bootable arrays 84
- Managing existing arrays 84
- Using the arc utility to create and manage arrays 84
- Modifying cache settings 85
- Modifying power management settings 85
- Initializing disk drives 86
- Rescanning disk drives 86
- Secure erasing disk drives 86
- Stopping a secure erase 86
- Creating a new jbod 87
- Creating and managing jbods 87
- Managing existing jbods 87
- Managing global hot spares 87
- Uninitializing disk drives 87
- Applying changes and exiting 88
- Converting a jbod into a simple volume 88
- Managing the maxcache pool 88
- Modifying your controller s configuration 88
- Opening the controller settings tool 88
- Using the arc utility to modify controller settings 88
- General controller settings 89
- Note default settings are shown in bold type 89
- Note when the alarm is turned off disabled it will remain off after a reboot 89
- Some options may not be available for your controller 89
- To modify your controller s power management settings select advanced configuration 89
- Creating a logical drive changing the performance mode running a consistency check changing the raid level of a logical drive forcing a logical drive online or offline changing the cache page size to enable controller cache preservation 91
- Dirty pages data that have not been committed to disk are restored to the cache when power is restored and the logical drives on the controller are back online once the preserved cache is restored the controller flushes the data to disk using its normal scheduling mechanism 91
- Enabling and disabling controller cache preservation 91
- Follow the on screen instructions to toggle the controller s cache preservation policy clear the preserved cache for one or more logical drives and check the controller cache preservation state 91
- Note default settings are shown in bold type 91
- Note this option is available in the uefi interface only 91
- Note you cannot enable maxcache read and or write caching on a controller with cache preservation enabled in addition the following operations are not permitted on a controller in the cache preserved state 91
- Power management settings 91
- Preserving the controller cache 91
- This option toggles the controller cache preservation state with cache preservation enabled the system preserves the controller s ddr cache to prevent data loss in the event of 1 a power failure or unsafe shutdown of external enclosures while the host system with the controller still has power and 2 connectivity problems with drives 91
- Checking backup unit status 92
- Checking the cache preservation status 92
- Clearing the controller cache 92
- Formatting and verifying disk drives 92
- Locating disk drives 92
- Identifying disk drives 93
- Setting the drive write cache policy 93
- Creating a support archive 94
- Updating the controller cpld 94
- Updating the controller firmware 94
- Viewing the event log 95
- Before you begin 96
- Compatibility notes 96
- Creating the firmware update disk 96
- D using the adaptec flash utility 96
- Obtaining the firmware 96
- System requirements 96
- Afu commands 97
- Running the afu from the command line 97
- Running the menu based afu 97
- Update 98
- Command is 99
- Command is as follows 99
- Command restart your computer the command syntax for th 99
- Compares the contents of each of the flash components on a raid controller to the corresponding image in a ufi file and indicates whether they match after using the verify command you must restart the computer the command syntax for th 99
- Displays version information about the flash components on a raid controller after using th 99
- This example displays version information about all supported raid controllers 99
- This example shows a typical system response after a verify command 99
- Verify 99
- Version 99
- Updating the flash using the afu command line 100
- Adaptec raid 6405 6445 activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 101
- Adaptec raid 6405 6445 aggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 101
- Adaptec raid 6405 6445 external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 101
- Adaptec raid 6405 6445 i2c cn0 board connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent i2c mating cable connector molex 22 43 3030 or equivalent j4 101
- Adaptec raid 6405 6445 led and i2c connector specification 101
- E controller led i2c and alarm connector quick reference 101
- This appendix provides a reference guide for adaptec raid controller activity led connectors i2c connectors and external alarm connectors 101
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805q activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 102
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805q external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 102
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805q led and i2c connector specification 102
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805qaggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 102
- Adaptec raid 6405e activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 103
- Adaptec raid 6405e aggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 103
- Adaptec raid 6405e led connector specification 103
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805q i2c cn0 board connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent i2c mating cable connector molex 22 43 3030 or equivalent j4 103
- Adaptec raid 6805 6805q i2c cn1 board connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent i2c mating cable connector molex 22 43 3030 or equivalent j5 103
- Adaptec raid 6405e external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 104
- Adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 104
- Adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 aggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 104
- Adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 led connector specification 104
- Asr 6805e r5 bulk 2275600 r 104
- Adaptec raid 6405t activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 105
- Adaptec raid 6405t aggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 105
- Adaptec raid 6405t external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 105
- Adaptec raid 6405t led connector specification 105
- Adaptec raid 6805e 6805e r5 external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 105
- Adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq activity led header connector molex 22 43 6030 or equivalent activity led header mating cable connector molex 22 55 2161 or equivalent j2 106
- Adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq aggregate activity led board connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent aggregate led mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j1 106
- Adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j12 106
- Adaptec raid 6805t 6805tq led connector specification 106
- Adaptec raid 71685 72405 78165 alarm connector specification 107
- Adaptec raid 71685 72405 78165 external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j6 107
- Adaptec raid 7805 7805q 71605 71605q 71605e alarm connector specification 107
- Adaptec raid 7805 7805q 71605 71605q 71605e external alarm connector molex 22 28 4023 or equivalent alarm mating cable connector molex 50 57 9002 or equivalent j6 107
- Electrostatic discharge esd 108
- F safety information 108
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 71605 71605q 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 71605e 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 71685 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 72405 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 7805 7805q 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 78165 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 81605z 81605zq 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 8405 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 8805 109
- A 3 vdc 1 a 12 vdc adaptec raid 8885 8885q 109
- Current requirements 109
- Dc power requirements 109
- Environmental specifications 109
- G technical specifications 109
- Note adaptec raid controllers require adequate airflow to operate reliably the recommended airflow is 200 lfm linear feet per minute minimum forced airflow is required 109
- Note ambient temperature is measured 1 from the raid controller processor 109
- Storage temperature 110
- Supercapacitor ratings 110
- Pmc sierra inc 1380 bordeaux drive sunnyvale ca 94089 usa 116
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