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Moxa W406-T-LX [26/74] Managing embedded linux

Moxa W325A-LX [26/74] Managing embedded linux

3. Managing Embedded Linux

This chapter includes information about version control, deployment, updates, and peripherals. The

information in this chapter will be particularly useful when you need to run the same application on several

W315A/325A units.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:



System Version Information



System Image Backup

 Upgrading the Firmware

 Loading Factory Defaults



Enabling and Disabling Daemons



Starting a Program Automatically at Run-Level



Adjusting the System Time

 Setting the Time Manually

 NTP Client

 Updating the Time Automatically



Cron—Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands

Содержание

First edition august 2010 1
W315a 325a linux user s manual 1
Www moxa com product 1
Copyright notice 2
Disclaimer 2
Technical support contact information 2
Trademarks 2
W315a 325a linux user s manual 2
Www moxa com support 2
Table of contents 3
Introduction 5
Overview 6
Software architecture 6
W315a 325a linux user s manual introduction 6
Additional information about jffs2 is available at 7
Journaling flash file system jffs2 7
W315a 325a linux user s manual introduction 7
Daemons 8
Linux tool chain 8
Software package 8
Utilities 8
W315a 325a linux user s manual introduction 8
Getting started 9
Attention 10
Connecting the w315a 325a to a pc 10
Powering on the w315a 325a 10
Serial console 10
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 10
Configuring the ethernet interface 11
Linux users 11
Modifying network settings with the serial console 11
Root localhost root ssh 192 68 7 22 the authenticity of host 192 68 7 22 192 68 7 22 can t be established rsa key fingerprint is 8b ee ff 84 41 25 fc cd 2a f2 92 8f cb 1f 6b 2f are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes_ 11
Ssh console 11
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 11
Windows users 11
Cd etc network 12
Configuring the sim card 12
Etc init d networking restart 12
Gprs networks 12
Modifying network settings over the network 12
Root moxa ifconfig eth0 192 68 7 25 root moxa _ 12
Setting up the wireless module 12
Vi interfaces 12
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 12
Enabling or disabling pin code authentication 13
Entering the pin code 13
Verifying the sim card status 13
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 13
Changing the pin code 14
Unlocking the sim card 14
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 14
Configuring your apn list 15
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 15
Connecting to the internet 16
Reconnecting to the internet 16
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 16
Detecting an internet connection error 17
Disconnecting from the internet 17
Sending and reading an sms message 17
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 17
Deleting an sms message 18
Sd socket for storage expansion 18
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 18
Checking the flash memory space 19
Installing the tool chain linux 19
Mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom tool chain linux install sh 19
Path usr local arm linux bin path 19
Test program developing hello c 19
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 19
Cd example hello make 20
Cd tmp mkdir example cp r mnt cdrom examples w321 41 15 25 45_ia240 41_uc 7112plus_w315a w325a tmp example 20
Compiling hello c 20
Root localhost hello make usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc o hello release hello c usr local arm linux bin arm linux strip s hello release usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc ggdb o hello debug hello c root localhost hello _ 20
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 20
Chmod x hello release hello release 21
Developing your first application 21
Ftp 192 68 27 21
Put hello release 21
Root moxa hello release hello 21
Testing environment 21
Uploading and running the hello program 21
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 21
Compiling tcps2 c 22
Uploading and running the tcps2 release program 23
Summary of the testing procedure 25
Tcps2 release 25
Telnet 192 68 27 400 25
W315a 325a linux user s manual getting started 25
Managing embedded linux 26
68 27 putty 27
Attention 27
Dev mtdblock2 8 m 6 m 2 m 75 27
Dev root 8 m 6 m 1 m 78 dev ram3 1003 k 9 k 943 k 1 dev dev ram0 499 k 18 k 456 k 4 var dev mtdblock3 6 m 504 k 5 m 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 m 504 k 5 m 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 m 504 k 5 m 8 etc tmpfs 14 m 0 14 m 0 dev shm root moxa upramdisk root moxa df h filesystem size used available use mounted on 27
Kversion 27
Root moxa df h filesystem size used available use mounted on 27
Root moxa kversion w325a version 1 root moxa 27
System image backup 27
System version information 27
Upgrading the firmware 27
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing embedded linux 27
68 27 putty 29
Attention 29
Enabling and disabling daemons 29
Loading factory defaults 29
Root moxa cd etc root moxa etc ps pid user vsz stat command 1 root 1248 s init 3 2 root 0 swn ksoftirqd 0 3 root 0 sw events 0 4 root 0 sw khelper 29
Root moxa mnt ramdisk upgradehfm w3x5a 1 hfm moxa w3x5a upgrade firmware utility version 1 to check source firmware file context the source firmware file conext is ok this step will destroy all your firmware continue y n y now upgrade the file kernel format mtd device dev mtd1 mtd device dev mtd1 erase 128 kibyte 1c0000 100 complete wait to write file compleleted 100 now upgrade the file usrdisk format mtd device dev mtd2 mtd device dev mtd2 erase 128 kibyte 800000 100 complete wait to write file compleleted 100 upgrade the firmware is ok 29
Upgradehfm 29
Upgradehfm w3x5a x x x hfm 29
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing embedded linux 29
Starting a program automatically at run level 31
Adjusting the system time 32
Setting the time manually 32
Ntp client 33
Updating the time automatically 33
8 root home fixtime sh 34
Bin sh ntpdate time nist gov hwclock systohc exit 0 34
Chmod 755 fixtime sh 34
Cron daemon for executing scheduled commands 34
Etc cron d 34
Etc cron d crontab 34
Etc init d cron start 34
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing embedded linux 34
Managing communications 35
3 00 putty 36
Disabling the ftp server 36
Discard dgram udp wait root bin discard discard stream tcp nowait root bin discard ftp stream tcp nowait root bin ftpd l 36
Enabling the telnet ftp server 36
Etc host 36
Etc hosts 36
Etc inetd con 36
Etc nsswitch con 36
Etc nsswitch conf 36
Etc resolv con 36
Nameserver 168 5 36
Root moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf this file is the resolver configuration file see resolver 5 nameserver 192 68 6 nameserver 168 5 nameserver 140 15 1 nameserver 140 15 36 0 root moxa etc 36
Telnet ftp 36
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 36
Etc apache conf httpd con 37
Home httpd cgi bin 37
Home httpd htdocs 37
Home httpd htdocs index htm 37
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 37
Web service apache 37
Installing php for apache web server 38
Iptables 41
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 41
Lsmod modprobe ip_tables modprobe iptable_filter 42
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 42
Define policy for chain rules 43
Examples 43
Iptables f iptables x iptables z 43
Iptables l n 43
Iptables t tables fxz 43
Iptables t tables l n 43
Iptables t tables p input output forward prerouting output postrouting accept drop 43
Modprobe 43
Modprobe iptable_filter 43
Observe and erase chain rules 43
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 43
Append or delete rules 44
Examples 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j drop 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p tcp dport 21 j drop 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p tcp s 192 68 24 j accept 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p tcp s 192 68 4 dport 137 139 j accept 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p tcp s 192 68 5 j drop 44
Iptables a input i eth0 p tcp s 192 68 j accept 44
Iptables a input i lo j accept 44
Iptables p input drop iptables p output accept iptables p forward accept iptables t nat p prerouting accept iptables t nat p output accept iptables t nat p postrouting accept 44
Iptables t table ai input output forward io interface p tcp udp icmp all s ip network sport ports d ip network dport ports j accept drop 44
Modprobe ipt_mac 44
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 44
Dev null 45
Enabling nat at bootup 45
Iptables t nat a postrouting o eth0 j snat to source 192 68 27 45
Iptables t nat a postrouting o eth0 s 192 68 24 j masquerade 45
Modprobe ip_conntrack 45
Modprobe ip_tables 45
Modprobe ipt_masquerade 45
Modprobe iptable_filter 45
Modprobe iptable_nat 45
Nat example 45
Proc sys net ipv4 ip_forward 45
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 45
Dial up service ppp 46
Example 1 connecting to a ppp server over a simple dial up connection 46
Atdt5551212 47
Connect 47
Crtscts 47
Defaultroute 47
Example 2 connecting to a ppp server over a hard wired link 47
How to check the connection 47
Ifconfig 47
Ogin username word password 47
Pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttym0 19200 crtscts 47
Pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttym0 19200 crtscts 47
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 47
Netstat nr 48
Ping z z z z 48
Pppd dev ttym0 115200 crtscts modem 192 68 6 192 68 6 48
Pppd dev ttym0 115200 crtscts modem 192 68 6 192 68 6 login auth 48
Setting up a machine for incoming ppp connections 48
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 48
Plugin pppoe 49
Username hinet net password 49
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 49
Nameserver 168 5 nameserver 139 75 0 0 50
Nameserver ip_addr_of_first_dns_server nameserver ip_addr_of_second_dns_server 50
Pppd eth0 50
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 50
Configuring the options for pppd 51
File etc ppp peers chtgprs dev ttys1 modem port used 115200 speed defaultroute use the cellular network for the default route noipdefault usepeerdns use the dns servers from the remote network nodetach keep pppd in the foreground nocrtscts hardware flow control lock lock the serial port noauth don t expect the modem to authenticate itself local don t use carrier detect or data terminal ready persist demand modem debug use the next two lines if you receive the dreaded messages no response to n echo requests serial link appears to be disconnected connection terminated lcp echo failure 4 lcp echo interval 65535 connect bin chat v f etc chatscripts chtgprs connect 51
Gprs connection 51
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 51
Configuring the at commands 52
Example selecting the radio band 52
Nfs network file system 52
Ok at wmbs x 52
Timeout 10 abort busy abort no answer abort error say starting gprs connect script n get the modem s attention and reset it atz e0 no echo v1 english result codes ok ate0v1 set access point name apn say setting apn n ok at cgdcont 1 ip internet dial the number abort no carrier say dialing n ok atd 99 1 connect 52
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 52
68 27 putty 53
Example 53
Mkdir p home nfs public mount t nfs nfs_server ip directory mount point 53
Mount t nfs 192 68 00 home public home nfs public 53
Root moxa bin df h filesystem size used available use mounted on dev mtdblock2 8 m 6 m 2 m 75 53
Setting up the w315a 325a as an nfs client 53
Smtpclient help 53
Smtpclient s test f sender company com s ip_address receiver company com mail body message 53
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 53
W315a 325a linux user s manual managing communications 56
Development tool chains 57
Arm linu 58
Arm linux gcc 58
Arm linux gcc o example wall g o2 example c arm linux strip s example arm linux gcc ggdb o example debug example c 58
Compiling an application 58
Export path usr local arm linux bin path 58
Fefora core 1 2 58
I386 linux 58
Linux tool chain 58
Mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom tool chain linux w321 41 15 25 45_ia240 41_uc 7112plus_w315a w 325a linux install 1 sh 58
Steps for installing the linux tool chain 58
W315a 325a linux user s manual development tool chains 58
B main 59
Cd my_work_directory myfilesystem testprograms 59
Ddd debugger arm linux gdb hello debug 59
Gdbserver 59
Gdbserver 192 68 42 2000 hello debug process hello debug created pid 38 59
On line debugging with gdb 59
Remote debugging using 192 68 9 2000 59
Target remote 192 68 9 2000 59
W315a 325a linux user s manual development tool chains 59
Programmer s guide 60
Before programming your embedded system 61
Caution required when using file systems 61
Device api 61
Flash memory map 61
Include moxadevice 61
Int ioctl int d int request input int d open device node return file handle int request argument in or out 61
Man ioctl 61
Using a ram file system instead of a flash file system 61
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 61
All arm linux gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib 62
Buzzer 62
How to enable the wdt 62
Include linux rtc 62
Include moxadevic 62
Include sys kd 62
Int ioctl fd rtc_rd_time struct rtc_time time 62
Int ioctl fd rtc_set_time struct rtc_time time 62
Introduction 62
Ioctl fd kdmktone unsigned int arg 62
Link moxalib 62
Rtc real time clock 62
The user api 62
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 62
Wdt watch dog timer 62
Example 1 63
Int main int argc char argv int fd fd swtd_open if fd 0 printf open swatchdog device fail n 63
Special note 63
User application examples 63
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 63
Example 2 64
Example for setting the baudrate 65
Baudrate error 66
C library 66
Example for getting the baudrate 66
Gprs sim sms 66
Special note 66
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 67
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 68
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 69
W315a 325a linux user s manual programmer s guide 70
Binencryptor yourprogram abigkey 71
Inconsistency detected by ld so dynamic link h 62 elf_get_dynamic_info assertion bad dynamic tag failed 71
Segmentation fault 71
Setkey 71
Setkey abigkey 71
Software lock 71
A system commands 72
System commands 72
Common linux utility commands 73
Editor 73
File manager 73
Network 73
Process 73
W315a 325a linux user s manual system commands 73
Special moxa utilities 74
W315a 325a linux user s manual system commands 74

Moxa W406-T-LX [26/74] Managing embedded linux

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