Master BLP 53 E [21/52] 49 part 2

Master BLP 53 E [21/52] 49 part 2
1
RU
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
ɧɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɝɚɡɟ-ɩɪɨɩɚɧɟ. Ɉɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɦɟɧɭ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɧɨɪɦɟ EN 1596.
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdz
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɟɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ
ɧɭɠɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ, ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɬɨɱɧɨ
ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɞ ɡɟɦɥɺɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ.
ɇɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɚɯɧɟɬ ɝɚɡɨɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ.
ɇɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɚ,
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɛɤɢɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɺɧ (ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧ, ɫɨɝɧɭɬ
ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɭɱɟɧ) ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬmɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ:
ɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ.
ǽǼDzǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz Ǹ ȋǹdzǸȀǾǶȅdzǿǸǼǷ
ǿdzȀǶ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɺ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ.
ȀǼǽǹǶǰǼ Ƕ ǾǮǵǺdzȇdzǻǶdz
ǯǮǹǹǼǻǮ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɚɡ ɩɪɨɩɚɧ (G31).
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɛɚɥɥɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɫɡɚɞɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, Ɋɢɫ.1. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɡɚɫɥɨɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɭ, Ɋɢɫ. 2.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
(ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɛɭɦɚɝɚ, ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɝɨɪɸɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɬɞ.) Ɋɢɫ.3 ɢ
Ɋɢɫ.4.
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ «Ƚɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ» ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɫ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɆɂ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤɨɝo-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ
ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɝɢɛɤɢɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɥɫɹ, ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɝɧɭɬ ɢɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɭɱɟɧ.
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ:
- ɧɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɟɡ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ
- ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɺɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
- ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
ǽǼDzǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz Ƕ ǵǮǺdzǻǮ
DZǮǵǼǰǼDZǼ ǯǮǹǹǼǻǮ
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɛɚɥɥɨɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɜɞɚɥɢ
ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɵ ɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɲɥɚɧɝɨɜ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɛɚɥɥɨɧ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ), ɩɨɬɨɦ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ. ɂɦɟɣɬɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɥɟɜɭɸ
ɪɟɡɶɛɭ, ɡɚɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɚɹ
ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚ (ɤɨɥɶɰɨ) (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ); ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɲɥɚɧɝ ɤo ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɸ
ɝɚɡɚ. Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɥɢɜ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ: ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ
ɩɭɡɵɪɟɣ - ɷɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ. ɍɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɟɧɢɬɶ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɵ:
ɝɢɛɤɢɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɩɚɧɚ L= 1,5 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɚɧɚ;
ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɬɟ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɦɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ.
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɩɭɡɵɪɟɣ - ɷɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ.
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɜ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɉɥɚɦɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ, ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ.
ǽǼDzǴǶDZ Dzǹȍ ǺǼDzdzǹdzǷ ǿ
ȋǹdzǸȀǾǼǻǻȉǺ ǽǼDzǴǶDZǼǺ ...
KW E
1. Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ.
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdz
2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ I.

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