![Gigabyte GA-8GEM800 [11/80] English](/img/pdf.png)
Gigabyte GA-8GEM800 [11/80] English
![Gigabyte GA-8GEM800 [11/80] English](/views2/1047486/page11/bgb.png)
Hardware Installation- 11 -
English
Hardware Monitor CPU / System fan speed detection
CPU overheating warning
System voltage detection
CPU / System fan failure warning
BIOS Use of licensed AWARD BIOS
Supports Q-Flash
Additional Features Supports @BIOS
Supports EasyTune
Overclocking Over Clock via BIOS (CPU/DDR/AGP)
Form Factor Micro-ATX form factor; 24.4cm x 22cm
Содержание
- Ga 8gem800 1
- User s manual 1
- Copyright 3
- Notice 3
- Product manual classification 3
- Chapter 2 bios setup 29 4
- Chapter 3 drivers installation 49 4
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard layout block diagram chapter 1 hardware installation 4
- Table of contents 4
- 1 unique software utility 3 5
- 2 troubleshooting 1 5
- Chapter 4 appendix 53 5
- Ga 8gem800 6
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard layout 6
- Block diagram 7
- 1 considerations prior to installation 9
- Chapter 1 hardware installation 9
- English 9
- Installation notices 9
- Instances of non warranty 9
- Preparing your computer 9
- 2 feature summary 10
- English 10
- English 11
- 3 1 installation of the cpu 12
- 3 installation of the cpu and heatsink 12
- English 12
- 3 2 installation of the heatsink 13
- English 13
- Indicator indicator indicator indicator indicator 13
- Pin one pin one pin one pin one pin one 13
- 4 installation of memory 14
- English 14
- English 15
- 5 installation of expansion cards 16
- English 16
- 6 i o back panel introduction 17
- English 17
- Game midi port 17
- Lan port 17
- Line in 17
- Line out front speaker out 17
- Mic in 17
- Parallel port 17
- Ps 2 keyboard and ps 2 mouse connector 17
- Serial port 17
- Usb port 17
- Vga port 17
- 7 connectors introduction 18
- English 18
- 2 cpu_fan sys_fan cpu fan connector system fan connector 19
- Atx_12v 12v power connector 19
- Cpu_fan 19
- English 19
- Hardware installation 19 19
- Please note a proper installation of the cpu cooler is essential to prevent the cpu from running under abnormal condition or damaged by overheating the cpu fan connector supports max current up to 600 ma sys_fan connector allows you to link with the cooling fan on the system case to lower 19
- Sys_fan 19
- The atx_12v power connector mainly supplies power to the cpu if the atx_12v power connector is not connected the system will not start 19
- The system temperature 19
- Atx atx power 20
- English 20
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 20 20
- With the use of the power connector the power supply can supply enough stable power to all the components on the motherboard before connecting the power connector please make sure that all components and devices are properly installed align the power connector with its proper location on the motherboard and connect tightly please use a power supply that is able to handle the system voltage requirements it is recommended that a power supply that can withstand high power consumption be used 300w or greater if a power supply that does not provide the required power is used the result can lead to an unstable system or a system that is unable to start 20
- An ide device connects to the computer via an ide connector one ide connector can connect to one ide cable and the single ide cable can then connect to two ide devices hard drive or optical drive if you wish to connect two ide devices please set the jumper on one ide device as master and the other as slave for information on settings please refer to the instructions located on the ide device 21
- English 21
- Fdd fdd connector 21
- Hardware installation 21 21
- Ide1 ide2 ide connector 21
- Ide2 connector ide1 connector 21
- The fdd connector is used to connect the fdd cable while the other end of the cable connects to the fdd drive the types of fdd drives supported are 360kb 720kb 1 mb 1 4mb and 2 8mb please connect the red power connector wire to the pin1 position 21
- English 22
- F_audio front audio panel connector 22
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 22 22
- Please make sure the pin assigment on the cable is the same as the pin assigment on the mb header to find out if the chassis you are buying support front audio panel connector please contact your dealer if you want to use front audio connector you must remove the jumpers on pin 5 6 9 10 22
- Pwr_led 22
- Pwr_led is connected with the system power indicator to indicate whether the system is on off it will blink when the system enters suspend mode 22
- English 23
- F_panel front panel jumper 23
- Hardware installation 23 23
- Please connect the power led pc speaker reset switch and power switch etc of your chassis front panel to the f_panel connector according to the pin assignment below 23
- Please contact your nearest dealer for optional sur_cen cable 23
- Sur_cen 23
- Cd_in cd in black 24
- Connect cd rom or dvd rom audio out to the connector 24
- English 24
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 24 24
- Spdif_io spdif in out 24
- The spdif output is capable of providing digital audio to external speakers or compressed ac3 data to an external dolby digital decoder use this feature only when your stereo system has digital input function use spdif in feature only when your device has digital output function be careful with the polarity of the spdif_io connector check the pin assignment carefully while you connect the spdif_io cable incorrect connection between the cable and connector will make the device unable to work or even damage it for optional spdif_io cable please contact your local dealer 24
- Be careful with the polarity of the front usb connector check the pin assignment carefully while you connect the front usb cable incorrect connection between the cable and connector will make the device unable to work or even damage it for optional front usb cable please contact your local dealer 25
- Ci chassis intrusion case open 25
- English 25
- F1_usb f2_usb front usb connectors yellow 25
- Hardware installation 25 25
- This 2 pin connector allows your system to enable or disable the case open item in bios if the system case begins remove 25
- Be careful with the polarity of the comb connector check the pin assignment while you connect the comb cable please contact your nearest dealer for optional comb cable 26
- Be careful with the polarity of the ir connector while you connect the ir please contact you nearest dealer for optional ir device 26
- Comb comb connector 26
- English 26
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 26 26
- Bat battery 27
- Clr_cmos clear cmos 27
- English 27
- Hardware installation 27 27
- Short 1 2 pin default doesn t include the shunter to prevent improper use of this jumper 27
- You may clear the cmos data to its default values by this jumper to clear cmos temporarily 27
- English 28
- Chapter 2 bios setup 29
- Control keys 29
- English 29
- Main menu 29
- Status page setup menu option page setup menu 29
- Advanced bios features 30
- English 30
- Fail safe defaults indicate the value of the system parameters with which the system would be in safe configuration 30
- Frequency voltage control 30
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 30 30
- If you can t find the setting you want please press ctrl f1 to access hidden advanced options 30
- If you wish to maximize the performance of your system enable top performance 30
- Integrated peripherals 30
- Load fail safe defaults 30
- Load optimized defaults 30
- Optimized defaults indicate the value of the system parameters with which the system would be in best performance configuration 30
- Pc health status 30
- Pnp pci configuration 30
- Power management setup 30
- Standard cmos features 30
- The main menu for example bios ver e2 30
- This setup page includes all onboard peripherals 30
- This setup page includes all the configurations of pci pnp isa resources 30
- This setup page includes all the items in standard compatible bios 30
- This setup page includes all the items of award special enhanced features 30
- This setup page includes all the items of green function features 30
- This setup page includes information about the system autodetected temperature voltage fan speed 30
- This setup page is to control cpu clock and frequency ratio 30
- To accept or enter the sub menu 30
- Top performance 30
- English 31
- 1 standard cmos features 32
- Access mode use this to set the access mode for the hard drive the four options are chs lba large auto default auto 32
- Capacity capacity of currently installed hard disk hard drive information should be labeled on the outside drive casing enter the appropriate option based on this information 32
- Cylinder number of cylinders 32
- Day the day from 1 to 31 or the maximum allowed in the month 32
- English 32
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 32 32
- Head number of heads 32
- Ide hdd auto detection press enter to select this option for automatic device detection 32
- Ide primary master slave ide secondary master slave 32
- Ide primary secondary master slave setup you can use one of the three methods below auto allows bios to automatically detect ide devices during post default none select this if no ide devices are used and the system will skip the automatic detection step and allow for faster system start up manual user can manually input the correct settings 32
- Landing zone landing zone 32
- Month the month jan through dec 32
- Precomp write precomp 32
- Sector number of sectors 32
- The time is calculated based on the 24 hour military time clock for example 1 p m is 13 00 00 32
- Week the week from sun to sat determined by the bios and is displayed only 32
- Year the year from 1999 through 2098 32
- Base memory 33
- Drive a drive b 33
- English 33
- Extended memory 33
- Floppy 3 mode support for japan area 33
- Halt on 33
- Memory 33
- Total memory 33
- 2 advanced bios features 34
- Cdrom select your boot device priority by cdrom 34
- Disabled select your boot device priority by disabled 34
- English 34
- First second third boot device 34
- Floppy select your boot device priority by floppy 34
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 34 34
- Hdd 0 3 select your boot device priority by hard disk 34
- Hyper threading technology note2 this option is available only when you install an inte 34
- Lan select your boot device priority by lan 34
- Ls120 select your boot device priority by ls120 34
- Note1 this option is available only when the processor you install supports inte 34
- Prescott processor with 533mhz fsb note3 note4 this option is available only when you use the onboard vga function 34
- Scsi select your boot device priority by scsi 34
- Usb cdrom select your boot device priority by usb cdrom 34
- Usb fdd select your boot device priority by usb fdd 34
- Usb hdd select your boot device priority by usb hdd 34
- Usb zip select your boot device priority by usb zip 34
- Zip select your boot device priority by zip 34
- Boot up floppy seek 35
- Cpu hyper threading 35
- English 35
- Graphics aperture size 35
- Graphics share memory 35
- Init display first 35
- Limit cpuid max to 3 35
- Password check 35
- 3 integrated peripherals 36
- Ata33 set ide1 conductor cable to ata33 please make sure your ide device and cable are compatible with ata33 36
- Ata33 set ide2 conductor cable to ata33 please make sure your ide device and cable are compatible with ata33 36
- Ata66 100 set ide1 conductor cable to ata66 100 133 please make sure your ide device and cable are compatible with ata66 100 36
- Ata66 100 set ide2 conductor cable to ata66 100 133 please make sure your ide device and cable are compatible with ata66 100 36
- Auto bios autodetects ide1 conductor cable default value 36
- Auto bios autodetects ide2 conductor cable default value 36
- Disabled disable onboard 1st channel ide port 36
- Disabled disable onboard 2nd channel ide port 36
- Disabled disable usb controller 36
- Enabled enable onboard 1st channel ide port default value 36
- Enabled enable onboard 2nd channel ide port default value 36
- Enabled enable usb controller default value 36
- English 36
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 36 36
- Ide1 conductor cable 36
- Ide2 conductor cable 36
- On chip primary pci ide 36
- On chip secondary pci ide 36
- Usb controller 36
- Ac97 audio 37
- English 37
- Onboard h w lan 37
- Onboard parallel port 37
- Onboard serial port 1 37
- Onboard serial port 2 37
- Uart mode select 37
- Ur2 duplex mode 37
- Usb keyboard support 37
- Usb mouse support 37
- Ecp mode use dma 38
- English 38
- Game port address 38
- Midi port address 38
- Midi port irq 38
- Parallel port mode 38
- 4 power management setup 39
- Acpi suspend type 39
- Bios setup 39 39
- Date of month alarm everyday 1 31 39
- Delay 4 sec press power button 4 sec to power off enter suspend if button is pressed less than 4 sec 39
- Disabled disable modemringon wakeonlan function default value 39
- Disabled disable this function 39
- Disabled disable this function default value 39
- Double click double click ps 2 mouse left button to power on the system 39
- Enabled enable alarm function to turn on system if resume by alarm is enabled 39
- Enabled enable modemringon wakeonlan function 39
- Enabled enable pme event wake up default value 39
- English 39
- Instant off press power button then power off instantly default value 39
- Modemringon wakeonlan 39
- Pme event wake up 39
- Power on by mouse 39
- Resume by alarm 39
- S1 pos set acpi suspend type to s1 pos power on suspend default value 39
- S3 str set acpi suspend type to s3 str suspend to ram 39
- Soft off by pwr bttn 39
- Time hh mm ss alarm 0 23 0 59 0 59 39
- You can set resume by alarm item to enabled and key in date time to power on system 39
- Ac back function 40
- English 40
- Kb power on password 40
- Power on by keyboard 40
- 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 set irq 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 to pci 1 41
- 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 set irq 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 to pci 2 41
- 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 set irq 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 to pci 3 41
- 5 pnp pci configurations 41
- Auto auto assign irq to pci 1 default value 41
- Auto auto assign irq to pci 2 default value 41
- Auto auto assign irq to pci 3 default value 41
- Bios setup 41 41
- English 41
- Pci1 irq assignment 41
- Pci2 irq assignment 41
- Pci3 irq assignment 41
- 6 pc health status 42
- Case opened 42
- Cpu system fan fail warning 42
- Cpu warning temperature 42
- Current cpu system fan speed rpm 42
- Current cpu temperature 42
- Current voltage v vcore ddr25v 3 v 12v 42
- English 42
- Reset case open status 42
- 7 frequency voltage control 43
- Bios setup 43 43
- Cpu clock ratio 43
- Cpu host clock control 43
- Cpu host frequency mhz 43
- Disabled disable cpu host clock control default value 43
- Enabled enable cpu host clock control 43
- English 43
- Fixed pci agp frequency 43
- Incorrect using these features may cause your system broken for power end user use only 43
- Mhz 355mhz set cpu host clock from 100mhz to 355mhz inappropriate using it may cause your system corrupted for power end user use only 43
- Please note that if your system is overclocked and cannot restart please wait 20 secs for automatic system restart or clear the cmos setup data and perform a safe restart 43
- This item will be available when cpu host clock control is set to enabled 43
- This setup option will be automatically assigned by cpu detection the option will display locked and read only if the cpu ratio is not changeable 43
- You can choose those modes to adjust pci agp frequency select pci agp frequency asynchronous with cpu frequency 43
- 8 top performance 44
- Auto set memory frequency by dram spd data default value 44
- Auto set memory frequency by dram spd data default value for fsb front side bus frequency 533mhz 44
- Disabled disable this function default value 44
- Enabled enable top performance function 44
- English 44
- For fsb front side bus frequency 400mhz 44
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 44 44
- Host dram clock ratio 44
- If you wish to maximize the performance of your system enable top performance 44
- Memory frequency host clock x 2 44
- Memory frequency host clock x 2 6 44
- Memory frequency mhz 44
- Pci agp frequency mhz 44
- The values depend on cpu host frequency 44
- The values depend on fixed pci agp frequency 44
- Top performance will increase h w working speed different system configuration both h w component and os will effect the result for example the same h w configuration might not run properly with windows xp but works smoothly with windows nt therefore if your system is not perform enough the reliability or stability problem will appear sometimes and we will recommend you disabling the option to avoid the problem as mentioned above 44
- 10 load optimized defaults 45
- 9 load fail safe defaults 45
- Bios setup 45 45
- English 45
- Fail safe defaults contain the most appropriate values of the system parameters that allow minimum system performance 45
- Selecting this field loads the factory defaults for bios and chipset features which the system automatically detects 45
- 11 set supervisor user password 46
- English 46
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 46 46
- When you are prompted to enter password a message password disabled will appear to confirm the password being disabled once the password is disabled the system will boot and you can enter setup freely the bios setup program allows you to specify two separate passwords supervisor password and a user password when disabled anyone may access all bios setup program function when enabled the supervisor password is required for entering the bios setup program and having full configuration fields the user password is required to access only basic items if you select system at password check in advance bios features menu you will be prompted for the password every time the system is rebooted or any time you try to enter setup menu if you select setup at password check in advance bios features menu you will be prompted only when you try to enter setup 46
- 12 save exit setup 47
- 13 exit without saving 47
- Bios setup 47 47
- English 47
- Type y will quit the setup utility and save the user setup value to rtc cmos type n will return to setup utility 47
- Type y will quit the setup utility without saving to rtc cmos type n will return to setup utility 47
- English 48
- 1 install chipset drivers 49
- Chapter 3drivers installation 49
- English 49
- 2 software applications 50
- 3 driver cd information 50
- English 50
- 4 hardware information 51
- 5 contact us 51
- English 51
- English 52
- 1 1 xpress recovery introduction 53
- 1 unique software utility 53
- Chapter 4 appendix 53
- English 53
- English 54
- F9 for xpress recovery 54
- English 55
- Execute backup utility 55
- Execute restore utility 55
- Exit and restart 55
- Please input a 4 16 character long password a z or 0 9 or press esc to exit 55
- Press b to backup your system or esc to exit 55
- Press r to restore your system back to factory default or press esc to exit 55
- Remove backup image 55
- Remove backup image are you sure y n 55
- Set password 55
- This program will recover your system to factory default 55
- 1 2 bios flash method introduction 56
- Before you begin 56
- English 56
- Method 1 q flas 56
- Part one 56
- Updating bios with q flas 56
- Utility 56
- Utility on dual bios motherboards 56
- Action bar 57
- Appendix 57 57
- Contains the names of eight tasks and two item showing information about the bios rom type blocking a task and pressing enter key on your keyboard to enable execution of the task 57
- Contains the names of four actions needed to operate the q flash dual bios utility pressing the buttons mentioned on your keyboards to perform these actions 57
- Contains the names of four tasks blocking a task and pressing enter key on your keyboard to enable execution of the task 57
- Dual bios 57
- Dual bios utility bar 57
- Dual bios utility screen 57
- English 57
- Entering the q flas 57
- Exploring the q flas 57
- Q flas 57
- Step 2 press f8 button on your keyboard and then y button to enter the dual bios q flash utility 57
- Step1 to use q flash utility you must press del in the boot screen to enter bios menu 57
- Task menu for 57
- Task menu for dual bios utility 57
- Task menu for q flash utility 57
- The q flash dual bios utility screen consists of the following key components 57
- Utility 57
- Utility title 57
- After bios file is read you ll see a dialog box asking you are you sure to update bios 58
- After pressing enter you ll then see the progress of reading the bios file from the floppy disk 58
- Bios file in the floppy 58
- Do not trun off power or 58
- English 58
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 58 58
- In this example we only download one bios file to the floppy disk so only one bios file 58
- Knxpu fba is listed 58
- Move to the bios file you want to flash and press enter 58
- Please confirm again you have the correct bios file for your motherboard 58
- Press arrow buttons on your keyboard to move the light bar to load main bios from floppy item in the q flash menu and press enter button later you will see a box pop up showing the bios files you previously downloaded to the floppy disk if you want to save the current bios for backup purpose you can begin step 1 with save main bios to floppy item 58
- Reset your system at this 58
- This section tells you how to update bios using the q flash utility as described in the before you begin section above you must prepare a floppy disk having the bios file for your motherboard and insert it to your computer if you have already put the floppy disk into your system and have entered the q flash utility please follow the steps below to flash bios 58
- Using the q flas 58
- Utility 58
- After system reboots you may find the bios version on your boot screen becomes the one you flashed 59
- Appendix 59 59
- English 59
- Please do not take out the floppy disk when it begins flashing bios 59
- Press any keys to return to the q flash menu when the bios updating procedure is completed 59
- Press esc and then y button to exit the q flash utility the computer will restart automatically after you exit q flash 59
- Press y button on your keyboard after you are sure to update bios then it will begin to update bios the progress of updating bios will be displayed 59
- The bios file becomes fab after 59
- To flash the backup bios too 59
- Updating 59
- You can repeat step 1 to 4 59
- English 60
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 60 60
- Part two 60
- Press del to enter bios menu after system reboots when you are in bios menu move to load fail safe defaults item and press enter to load bios fail safe defaults normally the system redetects all devices after bios has been upgraded therefore we highly recommend reloading the bios defaults after bios has been upgraded 60
- Press y on your keyboard to load defaults 60
- Press y on your keyboard to save and exit 60
- Select save exit setup item to save the settings to cmos and exit the bios menu system will reboot after you exit the bios menu the procedure is completed 60
- This part guides users of single bios motherboards how to update bios using the q flas 60
- Updating bios with q flas 60
- Utility 60
- Utility on single bios motherboards 60
- Action bar 61
- After bios file is read you ll see a dialog box asking you are you sure to update bios 61
- Appendix 61 61
- Bios file in the floppy disk 61
- Contains the names of four actions needed to operate the q flash utility pressing the buttons mentioned on your keyboards to perform these actions 61
- Contains the names of three tasks blocking a task and pressing enter key on your keyboard to enable execution of the task 61
- Do not trun off power or reset your system at this 61
- English 61
- Exploring the q flas 61
- Move to the bios file you want to flash and press enter in this example we only download one bios file to the floppy disk so only one bios file 8ge800 f4 is listed 61
- Please confirm again you have the correct bios file for your motherboard 61
- Please do not take out the floppy disk when it begins flashing bios 61
- Press arrow buttons on your keyboard to move the light bar to update bios from floppy item in the q flash menu and press enter button later you will see a box pop up showing the bios files you previously downloaded to the floppy disk if you want to save the current bios for backup purpose you can begin step 1 with save bios to floppy item 61
- Q flas 61
- Task menu for q flas 61
- Task menu for q flash utility 61
- The q flashbios utility screen consists of the following key components 61
- This section tells you how to update bios using the q flash utility as described in the before you begin section above you must prepare a floppy disk having the bios file for your motherboard and insert it to your computer if you have already put the floppy disk into your system and have entered the q flash utility please follow the steps below to flash bios 61
- Using the q flas 61
- Utility 61
- Utility bar 61
- Utility screen 61
- After system reboots you may find the bios version on your boot screen becomes the one you flashed 62
- At this stage 62
- Congratulation you have updated bios successfully 62
- Do not trun off power or reset your system 62
- English 62
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 62 62
- Press any keys to return to the q flash menu when the bios updating procedure is completed 62
- Press del to enter bios menu after system reboots and load bios fail safe defaults see how to load bios fail safe defaults please kindly refer to step 6 to 7 in part one 62
- Press esc and then y button to exit the q flash utility the computer will restart automatically after you exit q flash 62
- Press y button on your keyboard after you are sure to update bios then it will begin to update bios the progress of updating bios will be shown at the same time 62
- The bios file becomes f4 after updating 62
- English 63
- Method 2 bio 63
- Methods and steps 63
- Utility 63
- English 64
- 1 3 2 4 6 channel audio function introduction 65
- Channel audio setup 65
- English 65
- Channel analog audio output mode 66
- English 66
- Basic 6 channel analog audio output mode 67
- English 67
- Advanced 6 channel analog audio output mode using audio combo kit optional device 68
- English 68
- Basic advanced 6 channel analog audio output mode notes 69
- English 69
- English 70
- Spdif output device optional device 70
- 2 troubleshooting 71
- English 71
- English 72
- English 73
- English 74
- English 75
- English 76
- English 77
- English 78
- Appendix 79 79
- Contact us 79
- English 79
- English 80
- Ga 8gem800 motherboard 80 80
Похожие устройства
- Beko WMN 6358 SE Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung N7100 Galaxy Note II 16Gb Ceramic White Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Ballu KFR-3502GW/BPE Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Gigabyte GA-8GEM667K Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Bork TV SPR 1510 ** Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung N7100 Galaxy Note II 16Gb Titan Gray Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Gigabyte GA-8GE800 Pro Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Ballu KFR-4001GW/BPE Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Scarlett SC-981 Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung RL17MBSW Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Gigabyte GA-8GE667 Pro Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung I8160 Galaxy Ace 2 Onyx Black Инструкция по эксплуатации
- JVC XV-N310B Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Gigabyte 8VT800-RZC Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung I8160 Galaxy Ace 2 White Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Rover RoverMedia Aria DPC690FM Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Samsung i8190 Galaxy S III mini Metallic Blue Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Yamaha PSR-S550 Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Gigabyte 8VM533M-RZC Инструкция по эксплуатации
- Thermos JBA-1801 Grey Инструкция по эксплуатации