BBE MaxCom [13/24] Operation
![BBE MaxCom [13/24] Operation](/views2/1000155/page13/bgd.png)
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A ratio of 1:1 indicates that the output signal will correspond to the input signal i.e., there is no level change. A
ratio of 2:1 indicates that for every 2 dB increase in input level above the threshold there will be a correspond-
ing increase in output level of 1dB. A ratio of 10:1 indicates that for every 10dB increase in input level above
the threshold there will be a corresponding increase in output level of 1dB, etc. If the RATIO control is set fully
clockwise, this corresponds to a ratio of innity:1. This means that all input levels are reduced to the threshold
point and are thus kept constant. It is worth observing that a hard or innite-ratio limit has applications in cer-
tain specialized situations, but in general this setting is neither appropriate nor necessary as this would cause
audible side effects.
The effect of the RATIO control can be shown on a graph which plots input level versus output level. It clearly
shows that below the threshold the compressor acts purely as a linear amplier.
• ATTACK CONTROL
The characteristics of a compressor are determined to a great extent by the attack time. This is the amount of
time that elapses before the compressor begins to attenuate the output level after the threshold point has been
exceeded.
A short attack time is required for transients such as handclaps and percussive instruments like snare drums so
that the compressor is in a position to regulate these types of peaks. With other kinds of program material it can
be advantageous to apply longer attack times. It is always recommended, however, to begin processing with
longer attack times. Whenever it is required, the time should be reduced carefully as the danger of dynamics
distortion usually increases with shorter attack times.
The attack time of the MAXCOM can be set within a range of 0.1 to 200 milliseconds.
• RELEASE CONTROL
Another feature of the MAXCOM is the release time. This determines the time that the compressor requires to
return to its unity gain after the input signal has fallen below the threshold point. The release time is largely de-
pendent on the program material. If the time is incorrectly set, this can lead to two fundamental problems:
1 - If the release time is too short, the overall volume may uctuate when signals peak above the threshold
level and give the sound an unpleasant pumping effect.
2 - If the release time is too long, pumping and breathing side effects may occur when a loud passage is
abruptly followed by a quiet passage. The VCA increases the general volume of quiet passages which leads
to a disadvantageous tonal effect.
The release time can be set within a range of 0.05 to 4 seconds.
• AUTO SWITCH
Attack and release times are important parameters which signicantly inuence the quality of the dynamic con-
trol process. When the AUTO switch is engaged, the manual ATTACK and RELEASE controls are put out of
action. The attack and release times are automatically derived from the program material by means of intelligent
program recognition so that setting errors can be effectively avoided. The AUTO function eliminates side effects
such as pumping and modulation distortion.
• OUTPUT CONTROL
Because compression and limiting are both gain reduction processes, the output of a compressor/limiter is often
at a lower level than the normal operating level. This loss of level must be compensated for. A reduction in the
output level is required if the operating level of subsequent equipment is lower (for instance, if the subsequent
unity has a high sensitivity input).
• CH. ON SWITCH
The CH. ON switch activates the channel. The switch is mainly used for direct A/B comparisons, which allows a
comparison between the unprocessed and processed signal. When in the OUT position, all processing functions
on the MAXCOM are turned off. If the switch is in the ON position, the unit work as a Compressor or Limiter,
depending on the setting of the controls. Please note that in the bypass mode, the input signal is still connected
to all of the MAXCOM circuitry, so that all the required controls can be used “Dry” that is without affecting the
original signal. This, in conjunction with the GAIN REDUCTION meter, provides a powerful tool for comparing
processed and unprocessed signals prior to operating the bypass switch and going “live”.
• GAIN REDUCTION METER
This meter provides a convenient visual indication of the amount of gain reduction that is taking place at any
time. If a signal exceeds the input level of the threshold point this function of the Compressor comes into play
and the GAIN REDUCTION meter shows the actual measurement of gain reduction.
OPERATION
Содержание
- Safety related symbols 2
- Applications 11 3
- Audio input iii 3
- Contents 3
- Controls 5 3
- Installation 3 3
- Introduction 1 3
- Maxcom specifications iii 3
- Operation 8 3
- Rear panel 7 3
- Special applications 15 3
- The design concept 2 3
- Specifications 4
- Introduction 5
- Design concept 6
- The design concept 6
- Installation 7
- Installation 8
- 0 bbe process control 9
- Attack control 9
- Auto switch 9
- Bbe lo contour control 9
- Bbe on off switch 9
- By activating the auto switch the attack and release controls are disabled and the attack and release rates are automatically derived from the program material this function allows for unobtrusive musical com pression of signals or mixes with widely varying dynamics 9
- Chan on switch 9
- Controls 9
- Front panel controls 9
- Front panel layout of the maxcom 9
- Gate threshold 9
- Input level meter 9
- Output control 9
- Ratio control 9
- Release control 9
- Shows level of incoming signal in a range from 20db to 6db 9
- The attack control determines the rate by which the compressor responds to the signal which exceeds the threshold this control can be adjusted from 0 ms to 200ms 9
- The output control allows for the increase or decrease of the output signal by a maximum of 20 db thus a level loss due to the compression or limiting process can be compensated for 9
- The ratio control determines the ratio between the input and output level for all signals exceeding the thresh old point the ratio range can be adjusted from 1 1 to 11 1 limiter 9
- The release control determines the rate that the compressor returns to unity gain after falling below the threshold level this control can be adjusted from 0 5s to 4s 9
- This control adjusts the threshold level for the expander gate section in the range of off to 10dbu signals below the set level are attenuated 9
- This control is a low frequency adjustment for the bbe process it provides a boost of 10dbu when turned to its maximum position clockwise at 50hz when turned to its minimum position counter clockwise no adjjustment is taking place 9
- This control sets the threshold point for the compressor section it has a range of 40dbu to 20dbu 9
- This switch activates the corresponding channel the switch is used to make direct a b comparisons between original material and processed signal 9
- This switch engages the bbe process as indicated by the green led when in the out position the green led will not illuminate indicating that the bbe process has been disengaged 9
- Threshold control 9
- Front panel controls 10
- Rear panel 11
- A downward expander automatically reduces the overall level for all signals below the threshold the expander therefore operates in the opposite way to that of a compressor limiter expanders generally function with a flat ratio curve in that the signal continually fades noise gates however can be seen as high ratio expanders if the signal falls below he threshold it is radically attenuated 12
- Compressor section 12
- Expander gate section 12
- If the threshold control is set fully clockwise this corresponds to a threshold level of 20dbu in practice this threshold level cannot be reached as the unit would overdrive this control setting allows the compressor sec tion to be put out of action if for example the expander gate is to be used independently 12
- In the maxcom control of the dynamics process is achieved by means of a high quality vca with an operating range of more than 60db i e the input signal level can be reduced or increased within a range of 60db input signal levels below the adjusted threshold are not reduced however as soon as the input signal exceeds the threshold level dynamic control is activated the amount of compression gain reduction is proportional to the amount by which the input signal exceeds the threshold 12
- Operation 12
- Ratio control 12
- The adaptive expander is therefore equipped with a soft interactive nonlinear ratio curve which is best suited to human hearing critical signals in the vicinity of the threshold level are processed with a minute expansion ratio whereas signals that reduce in level will be subjected to an increasingly higher ratio which will result in greater attenuation 12
- The degree and type of compression is determined not only by the threshold control but also by the sub sequent ratio attack and release controls and by the auto switch 12
- The maxcom is equipped with a newly developed adaptive expander the ratio of which is automatically ad justed dependent on the program material the response characteristics of conventional expanders tend to cut into the signal abruptly and the result of this is unacceptable most of the time gain changes become audible 12
- The ratio control determines the ratio of change in output level compared to input level for all signals exceed ing the threshold the scale of the ratio is calibrated in db on the front panel it indicates the increase in input level required to produce a 1 db increase in output level in the introduction chapter we described the function of a compressor by comparing it to a volume fader where signal peaks are controlled manually in order to avoid distortions due to signals exceeding the threshold 12
- The threshold control determines the point at which a certain input level causes the level reduction to com mence the threshold control has an operating range of 40 to 20dbu 12
- The threshold control of the expander gate stretches across a very wide range and therefore applies to all working levels if the threshold control is turned fully counterclockwise the expander gate section is inoperative 12
- There are two ways to utilize this level control either the output level is limited in such a way that no signal can exceed a predefined maximum or the output level is reduced above the threshold so that signal peaks may well exceed the threshold but are reduced proportionally the extent of this change in dynamics is determined by the ratio control 12
- Threshold adjustment 12
- Threshold control 12
- Operation 13
- Operation 14
- Applications 15
- Applications 16
- Applications 17
- Auto switch in 17
- Control settings 17
- Final adjustments of the controls can then be made to suit your particular requirements including the ratio attack and release controls the auto function provides program dependent dynamic processing which suits most standard uses if a condensed or wider sound processing technique is required the attack and release times can also be manually adjusted 17
- For example a low ratio and very low threshold setting can be used to achieve soft and musical processing of the general dynamics of the program material higher ratios together with low threshold settings create rela tively constant volume levelling for instruments and vocals high threshold levels generally limit the overall level of a program 17
- In out switch in 17
- In the early 1960 s musicians began looking at the recording process as a way to create new sounds the pumping effect which had been avoided by earlier engineers suddenly became fashionable and was utilized 17
- Initial settings for the compressor section 17
- Noise reduction on effects paths 17
- Output control 0db 17
- Pleasant feedback problems if the maxcom is inserted into the mic channel it will shut off the channel when it is not being used reducing the possibility of feedback 17
- Ratio control 2 1 17
- Ratios greater than 6 1 effectively prevent the output level from signals significantly exceeding the threshold point provided that the output control is in the 0 db position 17
- Rotate the threshold control counterclockwise until an appropriate amount of gain reduction is indicated on the gain reduction meter this operation will be accompanied by an audible drop in output level the output control should now be turned clockwise to reinstate the output level the level of the unprocessed and the processed signal can be compared by pressing the in out switch 17
- The auto function prevents aggressive compression created by high ratios from sounding too unnatural 17
- The compressor function 17
- The effects rack is one of the most overlooked sources of noise in a pa system or recording facility the price of reverb and delay units and harmonizers has fallen drastically over the last number of years which have made these units a common feature in small studios and home recording installations however multiple effects units considerably increase the overall noise level so that the pleasure in acquiring a new sound effect is short lived it will prove useful to use the maxcom as the last component in the chain of effects units and use the noise reduction function of the expander gate section 17
- The experienced user will be in a position to specify parameters while in bypass mode and thus realize the effect before the unit is actually switched into operation this is important in live situations where a signal needs to be managed efficiently by the engineer without the convenience of continual a b comparison 17
- The maxcom as a sound effects unit 17
- The task of a compressor is to reduce the dynamic range of program material and to control the overall level the extensive controls of the compressor section provide a great range of dynamic effects from musical and soft compression to limiting signal peaks right up to extreme and effective compression of the overall dynamics 17
- Threshold control 20 db 17
- Applications 18
- Special applications 19
- Special applications 20
- Special applications 21
- You can use the maxcom to bring out an instrument solo or a lead vocal in a cluttered mix match the fre quencies of the equalizer to the frequencies of the instruments to be emphasized and for this it is best to use a notch filter with a high slope please make sure that in this application you only reduce the amplitude of the selected frequencies 21
- Special applications 22
- Service warranty maintenance 23
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