Transcend 4Gb/CF 133 [4/14] Kingston com fl ash
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COMMITTED T O MEMORY
kingston.com/ ash
For example, Kingston’s CompactFlash
®
cards have a rated error speci cation of less
than one (1) bit in 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits read (1 bit per 1015 bits read).
• Kingston Flash Data Retention: Kingston Flash storage devices are rated for up to 10 years
under normal use. Important information should also be backed up on other media for
long-term safekeeping.
• Wear-Leveling Technology: Kingston Flash storage devices incorporate controllers
utilizing advanced wear-leveling technology, which distributes write cycles across the
Flash card. Wear-leveling thus extends the useful life of a Flash memory card (for details,
please see Kingston Flash Cell Endurance section, next).
• Flash Cell Endurance: For Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Flash, up to 10,000 write cycles
per physical sector. For Single-Level Cell (
SLC
) Flash, up to 100,000 write cycles per
physical sector.
According to Toshiba, the inventor of Flash memory: “the 10,000 cycles of MLC NAND is
more than su cient for a wide range of consumer applications, from storing documents to
digital photos. For example, if a 256-MB MLC NAND Flash-based card can typically store
250 pictures from a 4-megapixel camera (a conservative estimate), its 10,000 write/erase
cycles, combined with wear-leveling algorithms in the controller, will enable the user to
store and/or view approximately 2.5 million pictures within the expected useful life of
the card.”
1
For USB Flash drives, Toshiba calculated that a 10,000 write cycle endurance would enable
customers to “completely write and erase the entire contents once per day for 27 years,
well beyond the life of the hardware.”
• Automatic Bad Sector Remapping: Kingston Flash controllers automatically lock out
sections with bad memory cells (“bad blocks”) and move the data to other sections
(“spare blocks”) to avoid data corruption. During factory formatting (as described in
Section 2), spare blocks are set aside on the Flash storage device for remapping bad
sectors over time to extend the useful life and reliability of the Flash storage device.
• High-Quality Connectors: Kingston’s Flash storage devices have connectors rated for
more than 10,000 insertions.
• Operating, Temperature and Humidity: 32°F to 140°F (0° C to 60° C), 5% to 95%
humidity (typical).
• High-Capacity: Flash storage devices can provide large storage capacities in a very small
form factor. This exibility makes them ideal for consumer uses, such as digital lm or
storage for MP3 music, where portability and convenience are important.
1
Toshiba press release, “Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc.
Releases Performance Research on MLC NAND Flash Memory for Consumer
Applications,” May 10, 2004
Kingston engineers
test and select high-
performance controllers
to ensure that Kingston’s
Flash cards are among the
performance leaders in
the industry.
4
Содержание
- Flash memory guide 1
- Kingston com fl ash 1
- Portable flash memory for computers digital cameras cell phones and other devices 1
- Flash card or usb flash drive capacity 2
- Flash memory empowering a new generation of flash storage devices 2
- Kingston com fl ash 2
- Features of kingston s flash storage products 3
- Kingston com fl ash 3
- Kingston com fl ash 4
- Kingston com fl ash 5
- Non volatile nor and nand flash technologies 5
- Kingston com fl ash 6
- Die stacking and multi level cell multi bit cell flash technologies 7
- Kingston com fl ash 7
- Flash storage device performance 8
- Kingston com fl ash 8
- Kingston com fl ash 9
- Kingston s flash card product lines 9
- Kingston com fl ash 10
- Kingston com fl ash 11
- Kingston flash media readers 11
- Electromagnetic compatibility information to the user 12
- Kingston com fl ash 12
- For more information 13
- Kingston com fl ash 13
- Connecting flash cards to computers through kingston s media reader mobilelite and and microsd readers 14
- Connecting usb flash drives directly to a computer s usb slot 14
- Digital cameras mobile phones pdas and other devices 14
- Flash memory chip technology 14
- Host consumer devices 14
- Kingston com fl ash 14
- Single level cell slc vs multi level cell mlc and multi bit cell mbc 14
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