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Руководство по эксплуатации Страница: 22

BMW K75 [22/236] Exhaust smokes excessively

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22 Fault diagnosis 35 Transmission noise Bearing or bushes worn or damaged Renew the affected components Gear pinions worn or chipped Renew the gear pinions Metal chips jammed in gear teeth This can occur when pieces of metal from any failed component are picked up by a meshing pinion The condition will lead to rapid bearing wear or early gear failure Oil level too low Top up immediately to prevent damage to gearbox Gearchange mechanism worn or damaged Wear or failure of certain items in the selection and change components can induce mis selection of gears see Section 27 where incipient engagement of more than one gear set is promoted Remedial action by the overhaul of the gearbox should be taken without delay Crankshaft and or bearings worn Same problems as paragraph 5 Overhaul lower end Chapter 1 Relief valve stuck open This causes the oil to be dumped back into the sump Repair or replace See Chapter 5 39 Electrical system failure Oil pressure switch defective Check switch according to the procedures in Chapter 10 Replace if defective Oil pressure indicator lamp wiring system defective Check for pinched shorted disconnected or damaged wiring Chapter 10 Poor handling or roadholding Exhaust smokes excessively 40 Directional instability 36 White blue smoke caused by oil burning Cloud of smoke released upon starting especially if machine has been parked on side stand or if engine is still warm This appears to be a characteristic possessed by all K series BMWs to a greater or lesser extent but should reduce considerably as the pistons and rings bed in Provided little or no oil is used there is nothing that can be done about this other than to use the centre stand at all times If oil consumption is significant or increases suddenly a full engine strip will be required to investigate the cause Piston rings worn or broken Breakage or wear of any ring but particularly an oil control ring will allow engine oil past the piston into the combustion chamber Overhaul the cylinder block and pistons Cylinder block cracked worn or scored These conditions may be caused by overheating lack of lubrication component failure or advanced normal wear The cylinder block should be renewed Valve oil seal damaged or worn This can occur as a result of valve guide failure or old age The emission of smoke is likely to occur when the throttle is closed rapidly after acceleration for instance when changing gear Renew the valve oil seals and if necessary the valve guides Valve guides worn See the preceding paragraph Engine oil level too high This increases the crankcase pressure and allows oil to be forced past the piston rings Often accompanied by seepage of oil at joints and oil seals Cylinder head gasket blown between cam chain tunnel or oil return passage Renew the cylinder head gasket Abnormal crankcase pressure This may be caused by blocked breather passages or hoses causing back pressure at high engine revolutions 37 Black smoke caused by over rich mixture All items as for Section 7 OH pressure indicator lamp goes on Steering head bearing adjustment too tight This will cause rolling or weaving at low speeds Re adjust the bearings Steering head bearing worn or damaged Correct adjustment of the bearing will prove impossible to achieve if wear or damage has occurred Inconsistent handling will occur including rolling or weaving at low speed and poor directional control at indeterminate higher speeds The steering head bearing should be dismantled for inspection and renewed if required Lubrication should also be carried out Bearing races pitted or dented Impact damage caused perhaps by an accident or riding over a pot hole can cause indentation of the bearing usually in one position This should be noted as notchiness when the handlebars are turned Renew and lubricate the bearings Steering stem bent This will occur only if the machine is subjected to a high impact such as hitting a curb or a pot hole The lower yoke stem should be renewed do not attempt to straighten the stem Front or rear tyre pressures too low Front or rear tyre worn General instability high speed wobbles and skipping over white lines indicates that tyre renewal may be required Tyre induced problems in some machine tyre combinations can occur even when the tyre in question is by no means fully worn Swinging arm bearings worn Difficulty in holding line particu larly when cornering or when changing power settings indicates wear in the swinging arm bearings The swinging arm should be removed from the machine and the bearings renewed if adjustment does not cure the fault Swinging arm flexing The symptoms given in the preceding paragraph will also occur if the swinging arm fork flexes badly This can be caused by structural weakness as a result of corrosion fatigue or impact damage Wheel bearings worn Renew the worn bearings Tyres unsuitable for machine Not all available tyres will suit the characteristics of the frame and suspension indeed some tyres or tyre combinations may cause a transformation in the handling character istics If handling problems occur immediately after changing to a new tyre type or make revert to the original tyres to see whether an improvement can be noted In some instances a change to what are in fact suitable tyres may give rise to handling déficiences In this case a thorough check should be made of all frame and suspension items which affect stability 38 Engine lubrication system failure 41 Steering bias to left or right Engine oil defective Oil pump shaft or locating pin sheared off from ingesting debris or seizing from lack of lubrication low oil level Engine oil screen clogged Change oil and filter and service pickup screen See Routine Maintenance and or Chapter 5 Engine oil level too low Inspect for leak or other problem causing low oil level and add recommended lubricant See Routine Main tenance Engine oil viscosity too low Very old thin oil or an improper weight of oil used in engine Change to correct lubricant Camshaft or journals worn High wear causing drop in oil pressure Replace cam and or head Abnormal wear could be caused by oil starvation at high rpm from low oil level improper oil weight or type Wheels out of alignment This can be caused by impact damage to the frame swinging arm wheel spindle or front forks Although occasionally a result of material failure or corrosion it is usually as a result of a crash Front forks twisted in the fork yokes A light impact for instance with a pot hole or low curb can twist the fork legs in the yokes without causing structural damage to the fork legs or the yokes themselves Re alignment can be made by loosening the yoke pinch bolts wheel spindle and mudguard bolts Re align the wheel with the handlebars and tighten the bolts working upwards from the wheel spindle This action should be carried out only when there is no chance that structural damage has occurred

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