Ferroli ATLAS 32-95 [10/16] Atlas 9
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Ferroli ATLAS 32-95 [10/16] Atlas 9

Ferroli ATLAS 32-95 [10/16] Atlas 9
ATLAS
33
RU
cod. 3540S123 - 07/2010 (Rev. 00)
RU
1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂʇ ɉɈ ɌȿɏɇɂɄȿ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
• ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
• ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ
ɟɦɭ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ; ɨɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
• ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɥɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ.
• ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɳɟɪɛɭ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
• ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ
ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.
• ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ, ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ-ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ. ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
• ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ. Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
• ɍɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɹɦ.
• ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɸɬ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɟ ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
2. ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂ ɉɈ ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
2.1 ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ,
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɡɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ȼɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ
FERROLI
, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ɉɪɨɫɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɬ.ɤ.
ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
ATLAS
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ Ƚȼɋ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɠɢɞɤɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɞɭɜɨɦ.
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɧ ɢɡ ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɭɫɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɹɠɧɵɦɢ ɛɨɥɬɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɢ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɛɟɪ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɩɞ ɢ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.
2.2 ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫ.1 - ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ATLAS 32-78
ɪɢɫ.2 - ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ATLAS 95
Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ
1 =
Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ
2 =
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
3 =
ɉɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
4 =
Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ o 1-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ
5 =
Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 2-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ
2.3 ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 2
ɪɢɫ.1
, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 2
ɪɢɫ.1
ɧɚ
ɩɭɥɶɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ “0”. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ 2 ɜ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ
ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɥɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
2.4 Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ 4 ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ.1
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ATLAS 95
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ 2-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
5
ɧɚ
10°C ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 1-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ.
A
ȼȺɀɇɈȿ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 2-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 1-ɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ.
.
ɪɢɫ.3 - Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ATLAS 95
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ (ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ).
Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ.
3. ɆɈɇɌȺɀ
3.1 ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɂ ɇȺɋɌɊɈɃɄȺ ȽɈɊȿɅɄɂ ȾɈɅɀɇȺ ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə ɌɈɅɖɄɈ
ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ, ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ
ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ, ɉɊɂ ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ ȼ ɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂɃ, ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓȿȽɈ
ɁȺɄɈɇɈȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ, ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂɃ ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ ɇɈɊɆ ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅ, ɂȼ
ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɋ ɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ.
3.2 Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɬɹɠɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ, ɩɵɥɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ. ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɞɨɠɞɹ, ɫɧɟɝɚ ɢɥɢ
ɦɨɪɨɡɚ.
A
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɛɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɤɨɦ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɜɟɪɰɟ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɧɟ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɜɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
3.3 Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
B
ɋɥɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɨ ɫ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ȼ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɨɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɧɚ
ɢ
cap. 5
ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ.
A
Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɇɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1 ɛɚɪ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25° Fr (1°F = 10 ɩɩɦ CaCO3), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɤɢɩɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ 15°F (Ⱦɉ 236/88 ɨ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ). ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
B
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɭɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɚ
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɨɞɚ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ.
0 120
60
80
100
40
20
°C
0
30 60
90
°C
1
2
34
1
2
3
5
4
90
0
60 30 60
90
0
30
°C
on
off
0 120
60
80
100
40
20
°C
-10°C
60 60
4 5

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