Netgear JNR3210 — понимание NAT и настройки маршрутизатора для сетевых соединений [87/122]

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Advanced Settings

N300 Wireless Gigabit Router with USB JNR3210

the web page request message to www.example.com, your router stores the original

information and then modifies the source information in the request message, performing

Network Address Translation (NAT):

• The source address is replaced with your router’s public IP address. This is

necessary because your computer uses a private IP address that is not globally

unique and cannot be used on the Internet.

• The source port number is changed to a number chosen by the router, such as

33333. This is necessary because two computers could independently be using the

same session number.

Your router then sends this request message through the Internet to the web server at

www.example.com.

4. The web server at www.example.com composes a return message with the requested web

page data. The return message contains the following address and port information. The

web server then sends this reply message to your router.

Source address. The IP address of www.example.com.

Source port number. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server process.

Destination address. The public IP address of your router.

Destination port number. 33333.

5. Upon receiving the incoming message, your router checks its session table to determine

whether there is an active session for port number 33333. Finding an active session, the

router then modifies the message to restore the original address information replaced by

NAT. Your router sends this reply message to your computer, which displays the web

page from www.example.com. The message now contains the following address and port

information.

Source address. The IP address of www.example.com.

Source port number. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server process.

Destination address. Your computer’s IP address.

Destination port number. 5678, which is the browser session that made the initial

request.

6. When you finish your browser session, your router eventually detects a period of inactivity in

the communications. Your router then removes the session information from its session

table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port number 33333.

Port Triggering to Open Incoming Ports

In the preceding example, requests are sent to a remote computer by your router from a

particular service port number, and replies from the remote computer to your router are

directed to that port number. If the remote server sends a reply back to a different port

number, your router does not recognize it and discards it. However, some application servers

(such as FTP and IRC servers) send replies back to multiple port numbers. Using the port

triggering function of your router, you can tell the router to open additional incoming ports

when a particular outgoing port originates a session.