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Moxa IA240-T-LX [13/92] Linux users

IA240/241 Linux User’s Manual Getting Started

2-5

Linux Users

From a Linux machine, use the “ssh” command to access the IA240/241’s console utility via SSH.

#ssh 192.168.3.127

Select yes to complete the connection.

[root@bee_notebook root]# ssh 192.168.3.127

The authenticity of host ‘192.168.3.127 (192.168.3.127)’ can’t be established.

RSA key fingerprint is 8b:ee:ff:84:41:25:fc:cd:2a:f2:92:8f:cb:1f:6b:2f.

Are you sure you want to continue connection (yes/no)? yes_

NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing the IA240/241’s console utility

over the network.

Содержание

Fifth edition january 2010 1
Ia240 241 linux user s manual 1
Www moxa com product 1
Copyright notice 2
Disclaimer 2
Ia240 241 linux user s manual 2
Technical support contact information www moxa com support 2
Trademarks 2
Table of contents 3
Chapter 1 introduction 5
Introduction 5
Overview 6
Software architecture 6
Journaling flash file system jffs2 7
Software package 8
Chapter 2 getting started 9
Getting started 9
Connecting the ia240 241 to a pc 10
Powering on the ia240 241 10
Serial console 10
Telnet console 11
Ssh console 12
Windows users 12
Linux users 13
Configuring the ethernet interface 14
Modifying network settings with the serial console 14
Configuring the wlan via the pcmcia interface 15
Ieee802 1g 15
Modifying network settings over the network 15
Sd socket and usb for storage expansion 20
Test program developing hello c 20
Checking the flash memory space 21
Installing the tool chain linux 21
Compiling hello c 22
Uploading and running the hello program 22
Compiling tcps2 c 23
Developing your first application 23
Testing environment 23
16 2 16 24
From the pc type 24
Ia240 241 linux user s manual getting started 24
Next use the bin command to set the transfer mode to binary and the put command to initiate the file transfer 24
Note if you get an error message at this point it could be because you neglected to put tcps2 c and tcpsp c in the same directory the example makefile we provide is set up to compile both tcps2 and tcpsp into the same project makefile alternatively you could modify the makefile to suit your particular requirements 24
Tcps2 debug an arm platform gdb debug server execution file see chapter 5 for details about the gdb debug tool 24
Tcps2 release an arm platform execution file created specifically to run on the ia240 241 24
Two executable files tcps2 release and tcps2 debug are created 24
Uploading and running the tcps2 release program 24
Use the following commands to use ftp to upload tcps2 release to the ia240 241 24
You will get the following response indicating that the example program was compiled successfully 24
17 2 17 25
From the ia240 241 type 25
Ia240 241 linux user s manual getting started 25
18 2 18 26
Command for job number 1 to terminate this program 26
Command to check if the tcps2 program is actually running in the background 26
Ia240 241 linux user s manual getting started 26
Kill 1 26
Note use the 26
The program should start running in the background use the 26
Lan rx buffer 27
Pc 2 pc 1 27
Read serial data send data to pc2 serial rx buffer 27
Rs 232 lan 27
Tcps2 c 27
Testing procedure summary 27
Write data to pc1 receive lan data 27
Chapter 3 managing embedded linux 28
Managing embedded linux 28
System image backup 29
System version information 29
Upgrading the firmware 29
Command to list the size of each memory block and how much free space is available in each block 30
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing embedded linux 30
Since different flash disks have different sizes it s a good idea to check the size of your flash disk before upgrading the firmware or before using the disk to store your application and data files use the 30
The following instructions give the steps required to save the firmware file to the ia240 241 s ram disk and how to upgrade the firmware 30
Type the following commands to enable the ram disk 30
Type the following commands to use the ia240 241 s built in ftp client to transfer the firmware file ia240 x x x frm or ia241 x x x frm from the pc to the ia240 241 30
Attention 31
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing embedded linux 31
Loading factory defaults 31
Next use the upfirm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system 31
The upfirm utility will reboot your target after the upgrade is ok 31
To load the the factory default settings you must press the reset to default button for more than 5 seconds all files in the home etc directories will be destroyed note that while pressing the reset to default button the ready led will blink once every second for the first 5 seconds the ready led will turn off after 5 seconds and the factory defaults will be loaded 31
Enabling and disabling daemons 32
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing embedded linux 32
Next use vi to open your application program we use the example program tcps2 release and put it to run in the background 32
Snmpd snmp agent daemon telnetd telnet server client daemon inetd internet daemons ftpd ftp server client daemon sshd secure shell server daemon httpd apache www server daemon 32
The following daemons are enabled when the ia240 241 boots up for the first time 32
To run a private daemon you can edit the file rc local as follows 32
Type the command ps ef to list all processes currently running 32
And save to 33
As an example 33
Edit a shell script to execute 33
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing embedded linux 33
In this section we outline the steps you should take to set the linux run level and execute requests use the following command to enable or disable settings 33
Setting the run level 33
Sxxrunfile stands for s start the run file while linux boots up xx a number between 00 99 smaller numbers have a higher priority runfile the file name 33
The enabled daemons will be available after you reboot the system 33
Adjusting the system time 34
Setting the time manually 34
Example shell script to update the system time periodically 35
How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up 35
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing embedded linux 35
In this subsection we show how to use a shell script to update the time automatically 35
Note before using the ntp client utility check your ip and dns settings to make sure that an internet connection is available refer to chapter 2 for instructions on how to configure the ethernet interface and see chapter 4 for dns setting information 35
Ntp client 35
Save the shell script using any file name e g 35
The ia240 241 has a built in ntp network time protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote ntp server us 35
To update the system time 35
Updating the time automatically 35
Visit http www ntp org for more information about ntp and ntp server addresses 35
Cron daemon to execute scheduled commands 36
Chapter 4 managing communications 37
Managing communications 37
Telnet ftp 38
Web service apache 39
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 41
Install php for apache web server 41
Note the cgi function is enabled by default if you want to disable the function modify the file etc apache conf httpd conf when you develop your own cgi application make sure your cgi file is executable 41
Step 1 check that you have enough free space 41
Step 2 type upramdisk to get the free space ram disk to save the package 41
This embedded computer supports the php option however since the php file is 3 mb it is not installed by default to install it yourself first make sure there is enough free space at least 3 mb on your embedded flash rom 41
To check that the dev mtdblock3 free space is greater than 3 mb 41
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 42
Step 3 download the php package from the cd rom you can find the package in cd rom target php php tar gz 42
Step 4 utar the package to do this type the command tar xvzf php tar gz 42
Step 5 run install sh and select to install php 42
Iptables 43
Observe and erase chain rules 46
Append or delete rules 47
Define policy for chain rules 47
Nat area private ip 48
Nat example 48
13 4 13 49
Dial up service ppp 49
Enabling nat at bootup 49
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 49
In most real world situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable nat when the ia240 241 boots up the following script is an example 49
Modem ppp access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through the ia240 241 s ethernet port since ppp is a peer to peer system the ia240 241 can also use ppp to link two networks or a local network to the internet to create a wide area network wan 49
Note click on the following links for more information about ppp http tldp org howto ppp howto index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html 49
Ppp point to point protocol is used to run ip internet protocol and other network protocols over a serial link ppp can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a telnet link and links established using a modem over a telephone line 49
The pppd daemon is used to connect to a ppp server from a linux system for detailed the pppd daemon is used to connect to a ppp server from a linux system for detailed information about pppd see the man page 49
Example 1 connecting to a ppp server over a simple dial up connection 50
Example 2 connecting to a ppp server over a hard wired link 51
How to check the connection 51
Setting up a machine for incoming ppp connections 52
Nfs network file system 55
Setting up the ia240 241 as an nfs client 55
20 4 20 56
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 56
The following simple example allows you to use an snmp browser on the host site to query the ia240 241 which is the snmp agent the ia240 241 will respond 56
The ia240 241 has built in snmp v1 simple network management protocol agent software it supports rfc1317 rs 232 like group and rfc 1213 mib ii 56
21 4 21 57
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 57
22 4 22 58
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 58
23 4 23 59
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 59
24 4 24 60
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 60
25 4 25 61
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 61
26 4 26 62
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 62
27 4 27 63
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 63
Openvpn 64
Setup 1 ethernet bridging for private networks on different subnets 64
29 4 29 65
Generate a script file named openvpn bridge on each openvpn machine this script reconfigures interface eth1 as ip less creates logical bridge s and tap interfaces loads modules enables ip forwarding etc 65
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 65
30 4 30 66
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 66
31 4 31 67
Create a configuration file named a tap0 br conf and an executable script file named a tap0 br sh on openvpn a 67
Create a configuration file named b tap0 br conf and an executable script file named b tap0 br sh on openvpn b 67
Create link symbols to enable this script at boot time 67
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 67
Note select cipher and authentication algorithms by specifying cipher and auth to see 67
33 4 33 69
Ia240 241 linux user s manual managing communication 69
Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram 69
Setup 2 ethernet bridging for private networks on the same subnet 69
Setup 3 routed ip 69
The configuration procedure is almost the same as for the previous example the only difference is that you will need to comment out the parameter up in etc openvpn a tap0 br conf and etc openvpn b tap0 br conf 69
Chapter 5 development tool chains 71
Development tool chains 71
Compilation for applications 72
Linux tool chain 72
Steps for installing the linux tool chain 72
On line debugging with gdb 73
On line debugging with insight 74
Chapter 6 programmer s guide 75
Programmer s guide 75
Buzzer 76
Device api 76
Flash memory map 76
Rtc real time clock 76
Wdt watch dog timer 77
Close the file handle 79
Example 1 79
Example 2 79
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 79
Input int fd the file handle from swtd_open return value 79
Output ok will be zero 79
Special note 79
The makefile is shown below 79
The other has some error to get error code from errno 79
User application example 79
When you kill the application with 9 or kill without option or ctrl c the kernel will change to auto ack the swatchdog 79
When your application enables the swatchdog and does not ack your application may have a logical error or your application has made a core dump the kernel will not change to auto ack this can cause a serious problem causing your system to reboot again and again 79
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 80
The makefile is shown below 80
Example to get the baudrate 81
Example to set the baudrate 81
Baudrate inaccuracy 82
Special note 82
Digital input signal 83
Din_event_high_to_low 83
Duration 83
10 6 10 84
Description the program indicates to connect do1 to di1 change the digital output state to high or low by manual input then the detect and count the state changed events from di1 ok 84
Don t forget to link the library libmoxalib libpthread for di do programming and also include the header file moxadevice h the di do library only can be used by one program at a time 84
Example 84
Example 1 84
File name tdio c 84
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 84
Special note 84
11 6 11 85
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 85
12 6 12 86
Description the program indicates to connect do1 to di1 and program will change digital output state automatically at the fixed frequency then detect event change of the digital input state is high or low in different duration ok 86
Example 2 86
File name tduration c 86
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 86
13 6 13 87
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 87
14 6 14 88
Dio program make file example 88
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 88
15 6 15 89
Ia240 241 linux user s manual programmer s guide 89
Make file example 89
The following makefile file example codes are copied from the hello example on the ia240 241 s cd rom 89
Chapter 7 software lock 90
Software lock 90
Appendix a system commands 91
Editor 91
File manager 91
Linux normal command utility collection 91
Network 91
System commands 91
Moxa special utilities 92
Process 92

Moxa IA240-T-LX [13/92] Linux users

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