Tanita BC 418 MA [19/23] Technical notes
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Reliability of body composition measurements with an 8-electrode BIA
Introduction
This device calculates body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, and predicted muscle mass on the basis of
data obtained by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA).
One of two settings must be selected when taking measurements:
1
Standard (for persons 7 ~ 99 years of age)
2
Athlete (sportsmen/women who exercise considerably more than non-athletes)
Making a distinction by body type in the measurement mode produces more reliable body composition
measurements for athletes, whose body compositions differ from those of average persons.
BIA is a means of measuring body composition – fat mass, predicted muscle mass, etc. – by measuring
bioelectrical impedance in the body. Fat within the body allows almost no electricity to pass through, while
electricity passes rather easily through water, much of which is found in muscles. The degree of difficulty
with which electricity passes through a substance is known as the electrical resistance, and the percentage of
fat and other body constituents can be inferred from measurements of this resistance.
The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer measures body composition using a constant current source with a high frequency
current (50kHz, 500μA). The 8 electrodes are positioned so that electric current is supplied from the electrodes on the tips of
the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and voltage is measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of
both hands. The current flows into the upper limbs or lower limbs, depending on the body part(s) to be measured.
Principles of body composition measurement via 8-electrode BIA
Body impedance measurement methods
In the conventional 4-electrode method, current is supplied from the electrodes at the tips of the toes on both feet, with the voltage
measured on the heel. This current flows from one lower limb through the lower abdomen and then into the other lower limb, and the
bioelectrical impedance (hereinafter, “impedance,”) thus measured is the impedance between the two feet. In the newly developed 8-
electrode method, however, current is supplied from the tips of the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and the voltage is
measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of both hands. This method allows five different impedance measurements to be
made – whole body, right leg, left leg, right arm, and left arm – by switching the part of the body in which the current is flowing and
the location where the voltage is measured. When measuring impedance in the right leg, for instance, the current flows between the
right hand and foot, and the voltage between both feet is measured.
For reference, the impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts are shown in the diagram below.
Technical Notes
Whole body Left legRight leg Right arm Left arm
Current
Voltage
Impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts
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In deriving the body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass for the whole body, the Body Composition
Analyzer uses data acquired by DXA* from both Japanese and Western subjects as well as a regression
formula derived through repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance between
right hand and foot as variables. Measurements of body fat percentage, fat free mass, fat mass, and
predicted muscle mass for specific body parts also use a regression formula for each body part derived from
repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance for individual body parts (right arm,
left arm, right leg, left leg, trunk) as variables, based on data acquired through DXA.
A high degree of correlation has been found to exist between the figures for body fat percentage, fat mass,
and fat free mass for individual parts and for the entire body calculated with this predictive formula and the
figures obtained by DXA, and the results are thus highly reproducible.
Body composition measurements attained by the 8-electrode method are therefore extremely reliable.
Measurement of body composition using DXA
DXA was originally designed to measure bone mineral content, but in the full-body scan mode the body
fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass of individual body parts (arms, legs, trunk) can also be
measured. The image below shows one example of body composition measurement results obtained by
DXA.
Body composition measurement results obtained by DXA (Lunar Co., Ltd; DPX-L)
Reliability of body composition analysis via 8-electrode BIA
Содержание
- Body composition analyzer bc 418 1
- Instruction manual 1
- Advantages 2
- Table of contents 2
- Caution 3
- General instructions for accurate measurement 3
- Maintenance 3
- Safety notes 3
- Ac adapter 4
- Accessories 4
- Control box 4
- Digital display 4
- Platform 4
- Please verify that the following components are in the package 4
- Product assembly and components 4
- Product structure 4
- Rear view of control box 4
- Assembly instructions 5
- Digital display 5
- Membrane switch 5
- Caution 6
- Connection and installation 6
- Loading the printer paper roll 6
- Preparation for use 6
- Warning 6
- But natural electric discharge of the rechargeable battery 7
- If no changes are to be made press the key again 7
- If you make an error while inputting a number press the 7
- May occur if the device is not in use for an extended period 7
- Mode selection 7
- More than 2 weeks this will clear the settings making it 7
- Necessary to reset the date and time 7
- Setting date and time 7
- Setting the date and time 7
- Setting the number of printouts the printout language and the printout items 7
- The clock function is backed up by the rechargeable battery 7
- This will return you to the previous input space 7
- Time set 7
- After the input is completed the display will automatically change to the measurement display 8
- Setting the original mode 8
- Athletic 9
- For this printing selection please refer to the page 13 for this goal setter mode please refer to the page 14 9
- Goal setter mode print out 9
- Printing selection 9
- Standard 9
- Target bf 00 9
- The measurement data for each body part the predicted muscle mass the fat mass and the body fat percentage are printed out in this portion 9
- This section calculates the amount of fat that should be lost or gained to achieve the target bf preset by the user and health care professional 9
- This section prints the both the body type and body composition data of the current user 9
- Body composition analysis 10
- Operating instructions 10
- See page 8 for tanita s definition of athlete 10
- Step on 10
- After turning on the unit press the key 11
- Finish measurement 11
- If the printer is on the measurement results will be printed out 11
- Measure the impedance 11
- Measurement after five full cycles the measurement will be complete 11
- Measurement is completed 11
- Select the number of the desired body part on the ten key pad 11
- Taking measurement 11
- The marks will disappear one by one during the 11
- Weight measurement 11
- Weight only function 11
- When measuring is complete press the key to turn off the power 11
- When you continue to measure 11
- With regard to the measurement result please refer to p 22 11
- As reported by gallagher et al at ny obesity research center to determine the percentage of body fat that s appropriate for your body consuit your physician 12
- Based on nih who bmi guidelines 12
- Bmi body mass index is a height to weight ratio and is calculated by the following formula 12
- Bmr basal metabolic rate represents the total energy expended by the body to maintain normal functions at rest such as respiration and circulation 12
- Body fat ranges for standard adults 12
- Explanation of the print out 12
- Fat mass total weight of fat mass in kg lb in the body fat the percentage of total body weight that is fat 12
- Fat to lose gain calculated fat mass to lose or gain to achieve the predicted weight 12
- Ffm fat free mass is comprised of muscle bone tissue water and all other fat free mass in the body 12
- Impedance impedance reflects the bod 12
- Pfm predicted fat mass caluculated fat mass for the given target bf 12
- Pms predicted muscle mass means bone free lean tissue mass ltm 12
- Pw predicted weight calculated weight for the given target bf 12
- S e p 2 0 0 2 1 9 2 9 12
- S inherent resistance to an electrical current muscle acts as a conductor of the electrical current adipose tissue acts as a resistor 12
- Sample 12
- Tbw total body water is the amount of water expressed as lb kg or st lb retained in the body tbw is said to comprise between 50 70 of total body weight generally men tend to have higher water weight than women due to a greater amount of muscle 12
- Weight kg height m2 desirable range 18 24 12
- Caution 13
- Clearing paper jams 13
- Components of the printer unit 13
- Caution 14
- R x d 3 t x d 4 5 g nd 14
- R x d t x d 14
- Rs 232c interface instructions 14
- Troubleshooting 14
- Caution 15
- Output data format 15
- Output data items 15
- Transmission data 15
- Control commands 16
- Error codes 16
- Output fat monitor mode format 16
- Press 0 8 16
- Press to confirm 16
- Push the key 16
- Remote mode 16
- Switch remote mode on and off by pressing 1 or 0 16
- Switching to remote mode 16
- When the unit is switched off press the and keys simultaneously 16
- Choose the units of measurement 17
- Confirm settings 17
- Example of use 17
- Set age 17
- Set body type 17
- Set gender 17
- Set height 17
- Set tare weight 17
- Set target bf 17
- Switch on body composition analyzer 17
- Cancel 18
- Cancel measurement 18
- During measurement 18
- Measurement finished 18
- Reset settings 18
- Resetting 18
- Start measurement 18
- Body impedance measurement methods 19
- Introduction 19
- Principles of body composition measurement via 8 electrode bia 19
- Reliability of body composition analysis via 8 electrode bia 19
- Reliability of body composition measurements with an 8 electrode bia 19
- Technical notes 19
- Causes of errors in impedance measurements 20
- Intra day fluctuations cyclic activity within a single day 20
- 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 21
- 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 21
- Ffm vs r e e 21
- Inter day changes 21
- The applicability of the bmr regression formula and its differences with the old formula 21
- The new regression formula for basal metabolic rate bmr 21
- Weig ht vs r e e 21
- As shown in figure 1 the ree bmr has a stronger relationship to the ffm than to body weight and a difference is visible between males and females in the distribution trends we see that in principle that we should calculate from the ffm rather than by the old formula centered on the relationship with weight 22
- Comparison of bmr values from the tanita multiple regression model and breath analysis presented at nutrition week held in san diego in 2002 22
- Note this model has been calibrated for those between ages of 18 84 those individuals outside of this age range may not be obtain accurate readings 22
- Product specifications 22
- The current bmr retrogression formula is a formula which acts on the principle of using the ffm value from the results of body composition measurement according to the bia a good relationship is shown in the bmr value based on actual breath analysis ree or r 0 p 0 001 these results were presented at the first annual nutrition week american college of nutrition american society for clinical nutrition american society for parenteral and enteral nutrition north american association for the study of obesity held in 2002 in san diego 22
- 2 1 chome maeno cho itabashi ku tokyo japan tel 03 3968 2123 03 3968 7048 fax 03 3967 3766 23
- Dresdener strasse 25 d 71065 sindelfingen germany tel 07031 6189 6 fax 07031 6189 71 23
- This device features radio interference suppression in compliance with valid ec regulation 89 336 eec 23
- Unit 301 303 3 f wing on plaza 62 mody road tsimshatsui east kowloon hong kong tel 852 2838 7111 fax 852 2838 8667 23
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