Planet GSW-2404SF [78/83] Forwarding filtering

5. SWITCH OPERATION

5.1 Address Table

The Switch is implemented with an address table. This address table composed of many entries. Each entry is used to

store the address information of some node in network, including MAC address, port no, etc. This information comes from

the learning process of Ethernet Switch.

5.2 Learning

When one packet comes in from any port, the Switch will record the source address, port no. And the other related

information in address table. This information will be used to decide either forwarding or filtering for future packets.

5.3 Forwarding & Filtering

When one packet comes from some port of the Ethernet Switching, it will also check the destination address besides the

source address learning. The Ethernet Switching will lookup the address-table for the destination address. If not found,

this packet will be forwarded to all the other ports except the port, which this packet comes in. And these ports will transmit

this packet to the network it connected. If found, and the destination address is located at different port from this packet

comes in, the Ethernet Switching will forward this packet to the port where this destination address is located according to

the information from address table. But, if the destination address is located at the same port with this packet comes in,

then this packet will be filtered. There by increasing the network throughput and availability.

5.4 Store-and-Forward

Store-and-Forward is one type of packet-forwarding techniques. A Store-and-Forward Ethernet Switching stores the

incoming frame in an internal buffer, do the complete error checking before transmission. Therefore, no error packets

occurrence, it is the best choice when a network needs efficiency and stability.

The Ethernet Switch scans the destination address from the packet-header, searches the routing table provided for the

incoming port and forwards the packet, only if required. The fast forwarding makes the switch attractive for connecting

servers directly to the network, thereby increasing throughput and availability. However, the switch is most commonly

used to segment existing hubs, which nearly always improves overall performance. An Ethernet Switching can be easily

configured in any Ethernet network environment to significantly boost bandwidth using conventional cabling and adapters.

Due to the learning function of the Ethernet switching, the source address and corresponding port number of each

incoming and outgoing packet are stored in a routing table. This information is subsequently used to filter packets whose

destination address is on the same segment as the source address. This confines network traffic to its respective domain,

reducing the overall load on the network.

The Switch performs "Store and forward" therefore, no error packets occur. More reliably, it reduces the re-transmission

rate. No packet loss will occur.

5.5 Auto-Negotiation

The STP ports on the Switch have built-in “Auto-negotiation”. This technology automatically sets the best possible

bandwidth when a connection is established with another network device (usually at Power On or Reset). This is done by

detect the modes and speeds at the second of both device is connected and capable of, both 10Base-T and 100Base-TX

devices can connect with the port in either Half- or Full-Duplex mode. 1000Base-T can be only connected in Full-duplex

mode.

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