Planet GSD-802PS [83/87] Auto negotiation

User’s Manual of GSD-800S / GSD-802S / GSD-802PS

5.5 Auto-Negotiation

The STP ports on the Switch have built-in “Auto-negotiation”. This technology automatically sets the best possible

bandwidth when a connection is established with another network device (usually at Power On or Reset). This is done by

detect the modes and speeds at the second of both device is connected and capable of, both 10Base-T and 100Base-TX

devices can connect with the port in either Half- or Full-Duplex mode. 1000Base-T can be only connected in Full-duplex

mode.

5-6 IGMP Snooping

Theory

Computers and network devices that want to receive multicast transmissions need to inform nearby routers that they will

become members of a multicast group. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate this

information. IGMP is also used to periodically check the multicast group for members that are no longer active. In the case

where there is more than one multicast router on a sub network, one router is elected as the ‘queried’. This router then

keeps track of the membership of the multicast groups that have active members. The information received from IGMP is

then used to determine if multicast packets should be forwarded to a given sub network or not. The router can check, using

IGMP, to see if there is at least one member of a multicast group on a given subnet work. If there are no members on a sub

network, packets will not be forwarded to that sub network.

IGMP Versions 1 and 2

Multicast groups allow members to join or leave at any time. IGMP provides the method for members and multicast routers

to communicate when joining or leaving a multicast group.

IGMP version 1 is defined in RFC 1112. It has a fixed packet size and no optional data.

The format of an IGMP packet is shown below:

IGMP Message Format

Octets

0 8 16 31

Type Response Time

Checksum

Group Address (all zeros if this is a query)

The IGMP Type codes are shown below:

Type Meaning

0x11 Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.0)

0x11 Specific Group Membership Query (if Group Address is Present)

0x16 Membership Report (version 2)

0x17 Leave a Group (version 2)

0x12 Membership Report (version 1)

IGMP packets enable multicast routers to keep track of the membership of multicast groups, on their respective sub

networks. The following outlines what is communicated between a multicast router and a multicast group member using

IGMP.

A host sends an IGMP “report” to join a group