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V2616A Linux Introduction
1-2
Overview
The V2616A series embedded computers are based on the Intel 3
rd
-generation processor and feature two
serial ports, dual 10/100/1000 Mbps LAN ports, three USB 2.0 hosts, and a CFast socket. The V2616A series
offers both VGA and DVI-D outputs, making it exceptionally well suited for industrial applications such as
SCADA and factory automation.
The V2616A’s 2 serial ports make it ideal for connecting a wide range of serial devices, and the dual
10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports offer a reliable solution for network redundancy, which taken together
promise continuous data communication and management operations. For added convenience, the V2616A
computers have 6 DIs and 2 DOs for connecting digital input/output devices. In addition, the CFast socket and
USB ports provide V2616A computers with data buffering and storage expansion, which provide the necessary
reliability for industrial applications.
Pre-installed with Linux, the V2616A series provides programmers with a friendly environment for developing
sophisticated, bug-free application software at a lower cost.
Software Specifications
The Linux operating system pre-installed on the V2616A embedded computers is the Debian Wheezy 7.2
distribution. The Debian project involves a worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an
operating system distribution composed entirely of free software. The Debian GNU/Linux follows the standard
Linux architecture, making it easy to use programs that meet the POSIX standard. Program porting can be
done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa. In addition to Standard POSIX APIs, device drivers for Moxa
UART and other special peripherals are also included. An example software architecture is shown below:
ATTENTION
Refer to
http://www.debian.org/ and http://www.gnu.org/ for information and documentation related to
Debian GNU/Linux and
the free software concept.
ATTENTION
The a
bove software architecture is only an example. Different models or different build revisions of the
Linux
operating system may include components
not shown in the above graphic.
RS-232/422/485, Ethernet, CFast, SATA, USB
Memory Control, Schedule, Process
CFast, TTY, USB, UART, RTC, VGA
TCP, IP, UDP, CMP, ARP, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP
Daemon (Apache, Telnet, FTPD)
Application Interface (POSIX, Socket, Secure Socket)
User Applications
File
System
Hardware
Micro Kernel
Device Driver
Protocol
Stack
API
AP
Linux
Kernel
Содержание
- First edition july 2014 1
- V2616a linux software manual 1
- Www moxa com product 1
- Copyright notice 2
- Disclaimer 2
- Technical support contact information 2
- Trademarks 2
- V2616a linux software manual 2
- Www moxa com support 2
- Introduction 5
- Attention 6
- Device driver 6
- Hardware 6
- Linux kernel 6
- Micro kernel 6
- Overview 6
- Protocol stack 6
- Software specifications 6
- Software components 7
- V2616a linux introduction 7
- Software configuration 8
- Account management 9
- Attention 10
- Connecting from a telnet console 10
- Moxa login root password last login thu sep 15 22 46 00 cst 2011 on tty1 linux moxa 2 2 5 amd64 1 smp tue jun 14 09 42 28 utc 2011 x86_64 the programs included with the debian gnu liux system are free software the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in usr share doc copyright debian gnu linux comes with absolutely no warranty to the extent permitted by applicable law root moxa 10
- Moxa moxa sudo i sudo password for moxa root moxa 10
- Starting from a vga console 10
- Useradd user account name here sudo 10
- V2616a linux software configuration 10
- Connecting from an ssh console 11
- V2616a linux software configuration 11
- Windows users 11
- Adjusting the system time 12
- Linux users 12
- Ntp client 12
- Root moxa date mmddhhmmyyyy 12
- Root moxa hwclock w 12
- Root moxa ntpdate time stdtime gov tw root moxa hwclock w 12
- Root moxa ssh 192 68 27 12
- Root moxa ssh 192 68 27 the authenticity of host 192 68 27 192 68 27 can t be established rsa key fingerprint is 8b ee ff 84 41 25 fc cd 2a f2 92 8f cb 1f 6b 2f are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes_ 12
- Setting the time manually 12
- V2616a linux software configuration 12
- Attention 13
- Example shell script for periodically updating the system time 13
- How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up 13
- Updating the time automatically 13
- Enabling and disabling daemons 14
- Changing run levels 16
- Managing services with insserv 16
- Cron daemon for executing scheduled commands 17
- Init d tcps2 moxa moxa 17
- Minute hour date month dow user command 17
- Moxa moxa insserv r tcps2 17
- Moxa moxa ls l etc rc d tcps ls cannot access etc rc d tcps no such file or directory moxa moxa 17
- Moxa moxa sudo insserv v d tcps2 17
- Short description tcps2 end init info lib lsb init functions export path path path usr sbin sbin case 1 in start start stop daemon start quiet oknodo pidfile var run tcps2 pid exec usr sbin tcps2 stop start stop daemon stop quiet oknodo pidfile var run tcps2 pid esac exit 0 17
- V2616a linux software configuration 17
- Inserting a usb storage device into the computer 18
- Attention 19
- Audio playback and record 19
- Moxa moxa alsamixer 19
- Moxa moxa aplay t wav path to test wav 19
- V2616a linux software configuration 19
- Checking the linux version 20
- Moxa uname a linux moxa 2 2 5 amd64 1 smp tue jun 14 09 42 28 utc 2011 x86_64 gnu linux moxa 20
- V2616a linux software configuration 20
- Apt installing and removing packages 21
- Attention 21
- Moxa apt get install openswan moxa 21
- Moxa apt get remove openswan moxa 21
- Moxa apt get remove openswan purge moxa 21
- Moxa apt get update moxa 21
- Moxa mount o remount rw 21
- Moxa umount moxa 21
- Moxa vi etc apt sources list deb cdrom debian gnu linux 6 _squeeze_ official amd64 netinst binary 1 20110628 12 58 squeeze main deb cdrom debian gnu linux 6 _squeeze_ official amd64 netinst binary 1 20110628 12 58 squeeze main deb http ftp us debian org debian squeeze main deb src http ftp us debian org debian squeeze main deb http security debian org squeeze updates main deb src http security debian org squeeze updates main squeeze updates previously known as volatile deb http ftp us debian org debian squeeze updates main deb src http ftp us debian org debian squeeze updates main 21
- V2616a linux software configuration 21
- Attention 22
- Moxa apt get clean moxa 22
- Moxa df h filesystem size used avail use mounted on rootfs 1 g 1001m 440m 70 udev 10m 748k 9 m 8 dev dev sda1 1 g 1001m 440m 70 tmpfs 501m 0 501m 0 lib init rw tmpfs 501m 0 501m 0 dev shm none 501m 19m 482m 4 tmp dev sda2 270m 130m 126m 51 home moxa 22
- Moxa moxa apt get install xfce4 xfce4 goodies thunar archive plugin 22
- Moxa moxa sudo apt get install gnome desktop 22
- Moxa moxa sudo apt get install kde standard 22
- Moxa moxa sudo apt get install lxde core lxde 22
- Setting up desktop environment 22
- V2616a linux software configuration 22
- Managing communications 23
- Attention 24
- Changing the interfaces configuration file 24
- Changing the network settings 24
- Detecting network interfaces 24
- Static ip address 24
- Adjusting ip addresses with ifconfig 25
- Auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192 68 27 netmask 255 55 55 broadcast 192 68 55 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192 68 27 netmask 255 55 55 broadcast 192 68 55 25
- Dynamic ip address using dhcp 25
- Enabling the telnet tftp server 25
- Moxa cd etc 25
- Moxa etc init d networking restart 25
- Moxa etc vi inetd conf 25
- Moxa ifconfig eth0 192 68 moxa 25
- Moxa mount o remount rw 25
- Telnet stream tcp nowait telnetd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in telnetd tftp dgram udp wait nobody usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in tftpd 25
- Telnet tftp server 25
- The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp 25
- V2616a linux managing communications 25
- Disabling the telnet tftp server 26
- Dns client 26
- Etc hostname 26
- Etc resolv conf 26
- Moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf this file is the resolver configuration file see resolver 5 nameserver 192 68 6 nameserver 168 5 nameserver 140 15 1 nameserver 140 15 36 0 moxa etc 26
- Moxa moxa hostname 26
- Moxa moxa sudo etc init d hostname sh start 26
- Moxa moxa sudo vi etc hostname moxa 26
- Moxa umount 26
- Srv tftp 26
- Telnet stream tcp nowait telnetd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in telnetd tftp dgram udp wait nobody usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in tftpd srv tftp 26
- V2616a linux managing communications 26
- Configuring ethernet bonding 27
- Etc nsswitch conf 27
- Etc nsswitch conf example configuration of gnu name service switch functionality if you have the glibc doc reference and info packages installed try info libc name service switch for information about this file passwd compat group compat shadow compat hosts files dns networks files protocols db files 27
- Services db files ethers db files rpc db files netgroup nis 27
- V2616a linux managing communications 27
- Apache web server 28
- Default homepage 28
- Attention 29
- Disabling the cgi function 29
- Moxa moxa sudo service apache2 restart 29
- Saving web pages to a usb storage device 29
- V2616a linux managing communications 29
- Attention 31
- Filter table includes three chains 31
- Iptables 31
- Mangle table includes two chains 31
- Moxa etc init d apache2 restart 31
- Moxa umount 31
- Nat table includes three chains 31
- Sub tables 31
- V2616a linux managing communications 31
- Iptables hierarchy 32
- Iptables modules 32
- V2616a linux managing communications 32
- Attention 33
- Define policy for chain rules 33
- Example 33
- Lsmod modprobe ip_tables modprobe iptable_filter modprobe iptable_mangle modprobe iptable_nat 33
- Observe and erase chain rules 33
- V2616a linux managing communications 33
- Append or delete rules 34
- Example 34
- Examples 34
- V2616a linux managing communications 34
- Attention 35
- Enabling nat at bootup 35
- Nat example 35
- Nat network address translation 35
- Attention 36
- Connecting to a ppp server over a simple dial up connection 36
- Ppp point to point protocol 36
- Checking the connection 37
- Connecting to a ppp server over a hard wired link 37
- Pppd connect chat v atdt5551212 connect user username password password dev ttymue0 115200 crtscts modem 37
- Pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttymue0 19200 crtscts 37
- Pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttymue0 19200 crtscts 37
- Sbin ifconfig 37
- V2616a linux managing communications 37
- Method 1 pppd dial in with pppd commands 38
- Setting up a machine for incoming ppp connections 38
- Attention 39
- Method 2 pppd dial in with pppd script 39
- Plugin rp pppoe 40
- Received note it is not advisable to use this option with the persist option without the demand option if the active filter option is given 40
- Root moxa mx_pcie_reset turn off the mini pcie slot 1 turn on the mini pcie slot 1 root moxa 40
- Routed ip the mini pcie module 40
- Username hinet net password 40
- V2616a linux managing communications 40
- Moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf this file is the resolver configuration file see resolver 5 nameserver 168 5 nameserver 139 75 0 0 moxa etc 41
- Nameserver 168 5 nameserver 139 75 0 0 41
- Nameserver ip_addr_of_first_dns_server nameserver ip_addr_of_second_dns_server 41
- V2616a linux managing communications 41
- Attention 42
- Inet addr 192 6 2 p t p 129 7 65 mask 255 55 55 inet addr 192 6 2 p t p 129 7 65 mask 255 55 55 42
- Mkdir p home nfs public 42
- Mount t nfs o nolock 192 68 00 home public home nfs public 42
- Moxa moxa sudo dpkg i home moxa moxa snmp v2616a 1 deb sudo password for moxa selecting previously unselected package moxa snmp v2616a reading database 31498 files and directories currently installed 42
- Nfs network file system client 42
- Ppp0 link encap point to point protocol 42
- Rx packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 rx packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 42
- Showmount e host 42
- Snmp simple network management protocol 42
- Tx packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 tx packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 42
- Up pointopoint running mtu 1500 metric 1 up pointopoint running mtu 1500 metric 1 42
- V2616a linux managing communications 42
- Moxa moxa ps ef root 18140 1 1 10 23 pts 2 00 00 00 bin bash etc mxagent scripts s root 18147 1 0 10 23 00 00 00 bin mxagent c etc mxagent mxa root 18155 1 0 10 23 00 00 00 sbin snmpd lf var log snmpd l moxa moxa 43
- Moxa moxa sudo dpkg r moxa snmp v2616a reading database 31739 files and directories currently installed removing moxa snmp v2616a stopping moxa snmp stopping moxa snmp ok update rc d using dependency based boot sequencing moxa moxa 43
- Unpacking moxa snmp v2616a from moxa moxa snmp v2616a 1 deb setting up moxa snmp v2616a 1 update rc d using dependency based boot sequencing insserv warning script moxa_snmpd missing lsb tags and overrides starting moxa snmp standard_in 2 syntax error starting moxa snmp ok moxa moxa 43
- V2616a linux managing communications 43
- Attention 44
- Ethernet bridging for private networks on different subnets 44
- Openvpn 44
- Attention 45
- Attention 46
- 68 0 0 255 55 55 u 0 0 0 eth3 47
- 68 0 255 55 55 u 0 0 0 br0 47
- 68 0 255 55 55 u 0 0 0 eth0 47
- 68 0 255 55 55 u 0 0 0 eth2 47
- Attention 47
- Destination gateway genmsk flags metric ref use iface 47
- Ethernet bridging for private networks on the same subnet 47
- Killall term openvpn 47
- Ln sf etc init d openvpn etc rc0 d k80openvpn ln sf etc init d openvpn etc rc6 d k80openvpn 47
- Ln sf etc init d openvpn etc rc2 d s16openvpn 47
- Ping 192 68 74 47
- Route add net 192 68 netmask 255 55 55 dev eth0 47
- V2616a linux managing communications 47
- Routed ip 48
- Programming guide 50
- Getting product serial number 51
- Rtc real time clock 51
- Dev pled 52
- Digital i o 52
- Programmable led indicators 52
- V2616a linux programming guide 52
- Define dio_error_port 1 no such port define dio_error_mode 2 no such mode or state define dio_error_control 3 open or ioctl fail define dio_error_duration 4 the value of duration is not 0 or not in the range 40 duration 3600000 milliseconds 1 hour define dio_error_duration_20ms 5 the value of duration must be a multiple of 20 ms define dio_ok 0 53
- Define dio_high 1 define dio_low 0 53
- V2616a linux programming guide 53
- Examples 54
- How the wdt works 54
- Introduction 54
- Special note 54
- V2616a linux programming guide 54
- Wdt watch dog timer 54
- The watchdog device ioctl commands 55
- Examples 56
- Int main void int fd open dev watchdog o_wronly int ret 0 if fd 1 perror watchdog exit exit_failure while 1 ret write fd 0 1 if ret 1 ret 1 break sleep 10 56
- V2616a linux programming guide 56
- Close fd return ret 57
- Define documentation 57
- Function documentation 57
- Hot swap hard disk 57
- V2616a linux programming guide 57
- V2616a linux programming guide 58
- Managing disks 59
- Create software raid volume 60
- Software raid mdadm 60
- Check software raid status 61
- Md1 active raid1 sdb11 sdc10 f 17920384 blocks 2 1 _u 62
- Replace the failed disk 62
- Root moxa mdadm manage dev md0 fail dev sdb1 mdadm set dev sdb1 faulty in dev md0 root moxa sync 62
- V2616a linux manaing disks 62
- Hot swap function 63
- File overview 64
- Hot swap daemon configuration 64
- V2616a linux hot swap function 64
- Handling an event with hot swap daemon 65
- Moxa mount rootfs on type rootfs rw none on sys type sysfs rw nosuid nodev noexec relatime none on proc type proc rw nosuid nodev noexec relatime udev on dev type tmpfs rw relatime size 10240k mode 755 dev hda1 on type ext2 ro relatime errors remount ro tmpfs on lib init rw type tmpfs rw nosuid relatime mode 755 usbfs on proc bus usb type usbfs rw nosuid nodev noexec relatime tmpfs on dev shm type tmpfs rw nosuid nodev relatime devpts on dev pts type devpts rw nosuid noexec relatime gid 5 mode 620 ptmxmode 000 none on tmp type tmpfs rw relatime dev hda2 on home type ext2 rw relatime errors continue dev sda1 on media disk2p1 type ext3 rw relatime errors continue data ordered dev sda2 on media disk2p2 type ext3 rw relatime errors continue data ordered dev sdb1 on media disk1p1 type ext3 rw relatime errors continue data ordered dev sdb2 on media disk1p2 type ext3 rw relatime errors continue data ordered 65
- V2616a linux hot swap function 65
- Add parameter if necessary mxhtspd l 0 66
- An example for deploying mxhtspd daemon 66
- Bin sh file basename 0 num 1 add your commands here home log_application echo file button num is long pressed 66
- Logging the hot swap daemon message 66
- Moxa etc rc2 d mv n10rsyslog s10rsyslog 66
- The default runlevel id 2 initdefault 66
- Uncomment below lines for mxhtspd with local 0 local0 var log mxhtspd log 66
- V2616a linux hot swap function 66
- System recovery 67
- Overview 68
- Recovering from the factory default image 68
- Recovery v2616a lx_recovery clonezill 68
- Setting up the recovery environment 68
- Step 1 prepare the usb drive 68
- Tuxboot windows 23 ex 68
- V2616a linux system recovery 68
- Attention 69
- Moxa moxa cp a media cd0 recovery os_image media usb0 home partimag 69
- V2616a linux system recovery 69
- Step 2 setting the bios to boot via usb 70
- V2616a linux system recovery 70
- V2616a linux system recovery 71
- Step 3 performing a system recovery 72
- V2616a linux system recovery 72
- V2616a linux system recovery 73
- Step 4 reset the bios to its original state 74
- V2616a linux system recovery 74
- V2616a linux system recovery 75
- Creating a custom system image 76
- F home partimag 76
- V2616a linux system recovery 76
- V2616a linux system recovery 77
- Warning 77
- V2616a linux system recovery 78
- A software components 79
- Software components 79
- V2616a linux software components 80
- V2616a linux software components 81
- V2616a linux software components 82
- V2616a linux software components 83
- V2616a linux software components 84
- V2616a linux software components 85
- V2616a linux software components 86
- V2616a linux software components 87
- V2616a linux software components 88
- V2616a linux software components 89
- V2616a linux software components 90
- V2616a linux software components 91
- V2616a linux software components 92
- V2616a linux software components 93
- V2616a linux software components 94
- V2616a linux software components 95
- V2616a linux software components 96
- V2616a linux software components 97
- B moxa mib files 98
- Moxa mib files 98
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 99
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 100
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 101
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 102
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 103
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 104
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 105
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 106
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 107
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 108
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 109
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 110
- V2616a linux moxa mib files 111
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