Suzuki GS500E (1989-1997) [208/221] The specific gravity check gives an

Suzuki GS500E (1989-1997) [208/221] The specific gravity check gives an
the ignition switch ON; open the throttle fully
and crank the engine over on the starter motor
for a couple of revolutions until the gauge
reading stabilises. If the starter will not operate
with the kill switch OFF. turn the ignition switch
OFF and refer to the next paragraph.
S Install the spark plugs back into their
suppressor caps and arrange the plug
electrodes so that their metal bodies are
earthed (grounded) against the cylinder head;
this is essential to prevent damage to the
ignition system as the engine is spun over
(see illustration 2). Position the plugs well
away from the plug holes otherwise there is a
risk of atomised fuel escaping from the
combustion chambers and igniting. As a
safety precaution. cover the top of the valve
cover with rag. Now turn the ignition switch
ON and kill switch ON. open the throttle fully
and crank the engine over on the starter
motor for a couple of revolutions until the
gauge reading stabilises.
All spark plugs must be earthed
(grounded) against the cylinder head
6 After one or two revolutions the pressure
should build up to a maximum figure and then
stab/llse. Take a note of this reading and on
multi-cylinder engines repeat the test on the
remaining cylinders.
7 The correct pressures are given in Chapter
2 Specifications. If the results fall within the
specified range and on multi-cylinder engines
all are relatively equal, the engine is in good
condition. If there is a marked difference
between the readings, or if the readings are
lower than specified, inspection of the top-
end components will be required.
8 Low compression pressure may be due to
worn cylinder bores, pistons or rings, failure of
the cylinder head gasket, worn valve seals, or
poor valve seating.
9 To distinguish between cylinder/piston
wear and valve leakage, pour a small quantity
of oil into the bore to temporarily seal the
piston rings, then repeat the compression
tests (see illustration 3). If the readings show
a noticeable increase in pressure this
confirms that the cylinder bore, piston, or
rings are worn. If, however, no change is
indicated, the cylinder head gasket or valves
should be examined.
Fault Finding Equipment REF-21
battery terminals. Connect the meter's
positive (+ve) probe, usually red, to the battery
positive (+ve) terminal, followed by the
meter's negative (-ve) probe, usually black, to
the battery negative terminal (-ve) (s..
illustration 4).
2 If battery voltage is low (below 1 0 volts on a
12 volt battery or below 4 volts on a six volt
battery), charge the battery and test the
voltage again. If the battery repeatedly goes
flat, investigate the motorcycle's charging
system.
Bores can be temporarily seaJed with a
squirt of motor oil
10 High compression pressure indicates
excessive carbon build-up in the combustion
chamber and on the piston crown. If this is the
case the cylinder head should be removed
and the deposits removed. Note that
excessive carbon build-up is less likely with
the used on modem fuels.
gravity
Warning: The gases produced
,h..
, by the battery a1'8 explosive -
~ never smoke or create any
sparks in the vicinity of the
battery. Never allow the electrolyte to
contact your skin or clothing - If it does,
wash it off and seek Immediate medical
attention.
. The specific gravity check gives an
indication of a battery's state of charge.
. A hydrometer is used for measuring
specific gravity. Make sure you purchase one
which has a small enough hose to 1nser1 in the
ape1'tUre of a motorcycle battery.
. Specific gravity is simply a measure of the
electrolyte's density compared with that of
water. Water has an SG of 1.000 and fully-
charged battery electrolyte is about 26%
heavier. at 1.260.
. Specific gravity checks are not possible on
malnt~ance-free batteries. Testing the open-
circuit voltage is the only means of
determining their state of charge.
5
=-w'
Roat-type hydrometer for m8a.oong
battery speciftc gravity
Checking battery open-circuit
voltage
Warning: The gases produced
A., by the battery are explosive -
~ never smoke or create any
. sparks in the vicinity of the
battery. Never aI/ow the electrolyte to
contact your skin or clothing - If it does,
wash it off and seek immediate medical
attention.
. Before any electrical fault is investigated
the battery should be checked.
. You'll need a dc voltmet« or multimet« to
check battery voltage. Check that the leads
are inserted in the correct terminals on the
meter, red lead to positive (+ve), black lead to
negative (-ve). Incorrect connections can
damage the meter.
. A sound fully-charged 12 volt battery
should produce between 12.3 and 12.6 volts
across its terminals (12.6 volts for a
maintenance-free battery). On machines with
a 6 volt battery, voltage should be between
6.1 and 6.3 volts.
1 Set a multi meter to the 0 to 20 volts dc
range and connect its probes across the
1 To measure SG. remove the battery frOO1 the
motorcycle and remove the fll5t cell cap. Draw
some electrolyte into the hydrometer and note
the reading (see Illustration 5). Return the
electrolyte to the cell and install the cap.
2 The reading should be in the region of
1.260 to 1.280. If SG is below 1.200 the
battery needs charging. Note that SG will vary
with temperature; it should be measured at
20°C (68°F). Add 0.007 to the reading for
Measuring open-circuit battery voltage

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