Suzuki GS500E (1989-1997) [214/221] Technical terms explained

Suzuki GS500E (1989-1997) [214/221] Technical terms explained
Technical Terms Explained REF-27
Stoichiometric ratio The optimum chemical
R8b0r8 Providing a new working surface to the
cylinder bore by boring out the old surface.
Necessitates the use of oversize piston and
rings.
Rebound d8mplng A means of controlling the
oscillatOO of a suspension ~it spring after it has
been compressed. Resists the spring's natural
tendency to bounce back after being com~.
RectifIer Device for converting the ac output of
an alternator into dc for battery charging.
Reed valve An induction system commonly
used on two-stroke engines.
Regulator Device for maintaining the charging
voltage from the generator or alternator within a
specified range.
Relay A electrical device used to switch heavy
current on and off by using a low current auxiliary
circuit.
R..I.tance Measured in ohms. An electrical
component's ability to pass electrical current.
RON (R88e8rCh 0cf81e Numbert A measure of
a fuel's resistance to knock.
rpm revolutions per minute.
Runout The amount of wobble (in-and-out
movemMt) of a wheel or shaft as it's rotated.
The amount a shaft rotates .out-of-true'. The out-
of -round condition of a rotating part.
s
SAE (Society of Automotive E~lneers) A
standard for the viscosity of a fluid.
s.818nt A liquid or paste used to prevent
leakage at a joint. Sometimes used in
conjunction with a gasket.
Service limit Term for the point where a
component is no longer useable and must be
renewed.
Shaft drive A method of transmitting drive from
the transmission to the rear wheel.
Shell beMng8 Plain bearings consisting of two
shell halves. Most often used as big-end and
main bearings in a four-stroke engine. Often
called bearing inserts.
Shim Thin spacer, commonly used to adjust the
clearance or relative positions between two
parts. For example, shims Inserted into or under
tappets or folk>wers to control valve clearances.
Clearance Is edjusted by changing the thickness
of the shim.
Short-circuit An electrical condition where
current shorts to earth (ground) bypassing the
circuit components.
SkImming Process to correct warpage or repair
a damaged surface, eg on brake discs or dr\m8.
SlIde-h8mmer A special puller that screws into
or hooks onto a component such as a shaft or
bearing; a heavy sliding handle on the shaft
bottoms against the end of the shaft to knock the
component free.
Sm811-end beering The bearing in the upper
end of the connecting rod at its joint with the
gudgeon pin.
Spelling Damage to camshaft lobes or bearing
joumals shown as pitting of the working surface.
Specific grevity (SO) The state of charge of the
electrolyte in a lead-acid battery. A measure of
the electrolyte's density compared with wat...
Streight-cut geera Common type gear used on
gearbox shafts and for 011 pump and water pump
drives.
Stanchion The Inner sliding part of the front
forks, held by the yokes. Often caRed a fork tube.
V
Vecuum gaug.. Clock-type gauges for
measuring intake tract vacuum. Used for
carburettor synchronisation on multi-cylinder
engines.
V" A device through which the low of Mqlad,
gas or vacuum may be stopped, started or
regulated by a moveable pert that OP«1s. shuts
or partially obstructs one or more ports or
passageways. The Intake and exhaust v8lves in
the cylinder heed are of the poppet type.
Valve cleer8nce The clearance between the
valve tip (the end of the valve stem) and the
rocker arm or tappet/follower. The valve
clearance is measured when the valve Is closed.
The correct clearance is Important - If too small
the valve won't close fully and will bum out.
wh.-s if too large noisy operation will relit.
V" 11ft The amount a valve Is lifted off its seat
by the camshaft lobe.
Valve timing The exact setting for the opening
and closing of the valves in relation to piston
position.
Vemle, cellper A precision measuring
Instrument that measures inside and outside
dimensions. Not quite as accurate as a
micrometer, but more convenient.
VIM Vehicle Identification Number. Term for the
bike's engine and f~ numbers.
VI8CO81ty The thickness of a liquid or its
resistance to flow.
Volt A unit for exprelSing electrical "pr888Ift* in
a circuit. Volts = current x otvns.
air/fuel ratio for a petrol engine, said to be 14.7
parts of air to 1 part of fuel.
Sulph~ acid The liquid (electrolyte) used in a
battery. Poisonous and extremely
lead-acid
corrosive.
SuI18ce grincing (lapping) Process to correct a
warped gasket face, commonly used on cylinder
heads.
T
Tapered-roller bearing Tapered inner race of
caged needle rollers and leperate tap.-ed outer
race. Examples of taper roller bearings can be
found on steering heeds.
Tappet A cylindrical component which tr8n8nits
motion from the cam to the valve stem, either
directly or via a pushrod and rocker arm. Also
called a cam follow«.
TCS Traction Control System. An eIectronically-
controlled syst8'n which senses wheel spin and
reduces engine speed accordingly.
TDC Top Dead Centre denotes that the piston is
at its highest point in the cytind«.
Thread-locklng c~ Solution applied to
fastener threads to prevent slackening. Select
type to suit application.
Thrust washer A washer positioned between
two moving components on a shaft. For
example, between 9881' pinions on ge8rsh8ft.
Timing chain See C8n Chen.
Timing Ight Stroboscopic lamp for carrying out
ignition timing checks with the engine NMing.
Top-end A description of an engine's cylinder
block, head and valve gear components.
T~ Tumlng or twisting force about a shaft.
TC1fqU8 ~ A prescribed tightness specified
by the motorcycle manuracn... to that the
bolt or nut is NCUred correctly. Undertightening
can result in the bolt or nut coming loose or a
surface not being sealed. Overtightening can
result in ~ ttweads, distortion or damage to
the component b8ng retained.
Torx key A six-point wrench.
Trecer A stripe of a second colour applied to a
wire insulator to distinguish that wire from
another one with the same colour insulator. For
example, Br/W is often used to denote a brown
insulator with a white trecer.
Trail A feature of steering geometry. Distance
from the steering heed axis to the tyre's central
contact point.
Triple clamp. The cast components which
extend from the steering head and support the
fork stanchions or tubes. Often called fork yokes.
Turbocharger A centrifugal device, driven by
exhaust gases, that presaurlses the intake air.
Normally used to Increase the power output from
a given engine displacement.
TWI Abbreviation for Tyre Wear Indicator.
Indicates the location of the tread depth indicator
bars on tyres.
w
Water pump A mechanically-driven device for
moving coolant around the engine.
Watt A unit for expressing electrical power.
Watts = volts x current.
Wear limit see Service limit
Wet liner A liquid-cooled engine design wh.-e
the pistons run in liners which are directly
surrounded by coolant (... IIIU8tr8tion).
Wet liner arrangement
Wheelbeee Distance from the centre of the front
wheel to the centre of the rear wheel.
WIring hem- or loom Describes the electrical
wires running the length of the motorcycle and
enclosed in tape or plastic sheathing. Wiring
coming off the main h8mees is usuelly ref8ITed to
as a sub harness.
Woodruff key A key of semi-circular or square
section used to locate a gear to a shaft. Often
used to locate the alternator rotor on the
crankshaft.
WrIst ~ Another name for gudgeon or piston
pin.
u
Unlvw88l J" or U-jolnt (UJ) A double-pivoted
connection for transmitting POW" from a driving
to a driven shaft through an angle. Typically
found In shaft drive assemblies.
Unsprung weight Anything not supported by
the bike's suspension (Ie the wheel, tyres,
brakes, final drive and bottom (moving) part of
the suspension).

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